William H. Willimon - "Lord of Life" (March 28, 1993)
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Transcript
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- | Our choir has just sung a portion of Benjamin Britten's | 0:16 |
war requiem, Britten wrote the war requiem | 0:20 | |
as Europe lay in ruins after its most disastrous war | 0:25 | |
and Britten said that he wrote the requiem | 0:32 | |
so death and destruction | 0:35 | |
might not have the last word in Europe. | 0:38 | |
And I think that is related to our scripture | 0:44 | |
and the sermon for today. | 0:48 | |
Hear the gospel for this fifth Sunday of Lent. | 0:50 | |
Now, a certain man was ill, Lazarus of Bethany, | 0:56 | |
the village of Mary and her sister Martha. | 1:01 | |
Mary was the one who anointed the Lord with perfume | 1:04 | |
and wiped His feet with her hair. | 1:08 | |
Her brother Lazarus was ill. | 1:10 | |
So the sisters sent a message to Jesus, | 1:13 | |
"Lord, he whom you love is ill." | 1:17 | |
But when Jesus heard it, he said, | 1:21 | |
"This illness does not lead to death, | 1:23 | |
"rather it's for God's glory, | 1:25 | |
"so the Son of God may by glorified through it." | 1:27 | |
Accordingly though, Jesus loved Martha and her sister | 1:30 | |
and Lazarus. After having heard that Lazarus was ill, | 1:33 | |
Jesus stayed two days longer at the place where he was. | 1:38 | |
Then after this, he said to his disciples, | 1:42 | |
"Let us go to Judea again." | 1:45 | |
The disciples said, "Rabbi, the Jews were just now trying | 1:48 | |
"to stone you and you're going there again?" | 1:52 | |
He told them, "Our friend Lazarus has fallen asleep, | 1:55 | |
"I am going there to awaken him." | 1:59 | |
The disciples said, "Lord, if he's fallen asleep, | 2:02 | |
he'll be alright." | 2:05 | |
Jesus, however, had been speaking about his death. | 2:07 | |
They thought he was referring merely to sleep. | 2:11 | |
Jesus told them plainly, "Lazarus is dead. | 2:14 | |
"For your sake, I am glad I was not there | 2:20 | |
"so that you may believe, but let us go to him." | 2:22 | |
Thomas, who was called twin, said to his fellow disciples, | 2:26 | |
"Let us also go that we may die with him." | 2:31 | |
When Jesus arrived, he had found that Lazarus | 2:36 | |
had already been in the tomb four days. | 2:38 | |
Now Bethany was near Jerusalem, some two miles away, | 2:41 | |
and many of the Jews had come | 2:44 | |
to Mary and Martha to console them. | 2:45 | |
When Martha heard that Jesus was coming, | 2:48 | |
she went and met him, but Mary stayed at home. | 2:51 | |
Martha said to Jesus, "Lord, if you had been here, | 2:55 | |
"my brother wouldn't have died!" | 2:58 | |
Jesus said, "Your brother will rise again." | 3:01 | |
Martha said, "I know he will rise again | 3:04 | |
"on the resurrection on the last day." | 3:07 | |
Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. | 3:10 | |
"Those who believe in me, even though they die, will live, | 3:15 | |
"and everyone who lives and believes in me will never die. | 3:20 | |
"Do you believe this? | 3:24 | |
She said, "Yes, Lord, I believe that you are the Messiah, | 3:27 | |
the Son of God, the one coming into the world." | 3:32 | |
When Mary came where Jesus was and saw him, | 3:37 | |
she knelt at his feet and said, "Lord, if you had been here, | 3:39 | |
"my brother wouldn't have died!" | 3:42 | |
When Jesus saw her weeping, | 3:44 | |
and the Jews with who came with her also weeping, | 3:46 | |
he was greatly disturbed in spirit and deeply moved. | 3:48 | |
He said, "Where have you laid him?" | 3:52 | |
They said, "Lord, come and see." | 3:55 | |
And Jesus began to weep. | 3:58 | |
The Jews said, "See how he loved him." | 4:00 | |
But some of them said, "Could not he who opened | 4:04 | |
"the eyes of a blind man kept this man from dying?" | 4:07 | |
Then Jesus, again, greatly disturbed, came to the tomb. | 4:11 | |
It was a cave, and a stone was lying against it. | 4:15 | |
And Jesus said, "Take away the stone!" | 4:20 | |
Martha, the sister of the dead man, said to him, | 4:23 | |
"Lord, already there's a stench, he's been dead four days!" | 4:25 | |
Jesus said to her, "Did I not tell you that if you believe | 4:30 | |
"you would see the glory of God?" | 4:33 | |
So they took away the stone. | 4:35 | |
Jesus looked up and said, "Father I thank you | 4:37 | |
"for having heard me, I knew that you always heard me, | 4:40 | |
"but I have said this | 4:43 | |
"for the sake of the crowd standing here | 4:44 | |
"so that they may believe that you sent me." | 4:46 | |
And when He said this, He cried out with a loud voice, | 4:49 | |
"Lazarus, come out!" | 4:53 | |
And the dead man came out, | 4:55 | |
his hands and his feet bound with strips of cloth, | 4:56 | |
his face wrapped with cloth. | 4:59 | |
Jesus said, "Unbind him, and let him go." | 5:01 | |
This is the word of the Lord. | 5:07 | |
In his stoic meditations, Marcus Aurelius says | 5:19 | |
that the goal of education | 5:25 | |
is to produce somebody who is not world-about. | 5:29 | |
Wisdom occurs in that moment in your life, | 5:36 | |
according to Marcus Aurelius, when you are no longer tossed | 5:39 | |
to and fro, and world-about, | 5:43 | |
when nobody else is pulling your strings. | 5:44 | |
When we ceased to be determined by external force. | 5:49 | |
And we believe in that kind of freedom. | 5:57 | |
I teach a freshman seminar, | 6:02 | |
and in the seminar, we talk about freedom. | 6:03 | |
And I always ask these first-year students, | 6:06 | |
"Are you free?" | 6:09 | |
and they always say that they are. | 6:10 | |
They usually say something like, "Well, I was fortunate, | 6:12 | |
"I was raised by a couple of enlightened parents | 6:15 | |
"who trusted me to make my own decisions | 6:18 | |
"and they fairly much let me do what I wanted to do." | 6:21 | |
And then I usually ask, | 6:27 | |
"Well, what if you had not wanted to come to Duke? | 6:28 | |
"What if, say, when you finished high school, | 6:34 | |
"you had said to your parents, 'I now feel called by God | 6:36 | |
"'to work on Chevrolet transmissions the rest of my life.' | 6:40 | |
"Would you have been free to do that?" | 6:45 | |
And vaunted claims of freshman freedom wilt. | 6:49 | |
And we start to think about the subtle, yet powerful ways | 6:55 | |
that our strings get pulled in this life. | 7:00 | |
So much that we say of ourselves, thinking that we're free, | 7:07 | |
we're not really free. | 7:11 | |
There is other determinism working among us | 7:13 | |
than our own willing and acting. | 7:16 | |
Thomas Hobbes mocked our claims of freedom when he said, | 7:19 | |
"We are like a top that is spun by boys, | 7:23 | |
and the top whirls around and it bounces off the furniture | 7:27 | |
and ricochets off the wall, and if that top could think, | 7:30 | |
that top would think | 7:34 | |
that it was moving of its own volition, | 7:35 | |
simply because it was whirling. | 7:38 | |
Likewise, the philosopher Spinoza said that, | 7:42 | |
"If a stone could think, | 7:45 | |
"and that stone were hurled across the river, | 7:47 | |
"undoubtedly, that stone would think | 7:50 | |
"that it was going across the river because it wanted to." | 7:53 | |
Free? | 8:00 | |
Who pulls your strings? | 8:04 | |
Who determines who we are, and what we believe in | 8:10 | |
and work for the most? | 8:15 | |
It was once the biggest, | 8:20 | |
most overly-built building on this campus was this chapel. | 8:21 | |
But not anymore, the biggest building is Duke Hospital. | 8:26 | |
Now what does that tell you? | 8:31 | |
Perhaps I should say, the biggest, most overly-built | 8:33 | |
and ultimately ineffective building on campus | 8:35 | |
is the hospital, because despite our best efforts, | 8:38 | |
I don't think the hospital | 8:45 | |
has come up for a cure for what really ails us. | 8:47 | |
And when you get a people who put so much | 8:52 | |
into the effort | 8:56 | |
of health care, you may wonder, is it health care | 8:58 | |
or is it death care | 9:02 | |
because health care is one thing, | 9:06 | |
but dealing with death is quite another, | 9:08 | |
requiring the largest, most expensive building in town. | 9:11 | |
And the greatest expenditure of our national product. | 9:16 | |
And when that happens, | 9:22 | |
something more than health care is pulling our strings. | 9:23 | |
Ford Motor Company spends more each year | 9:26 | |
on employee health care than it does on steel. | 9:29 | |
The whole world has become a hospital, | 9:36 | |
with Dr. Joe and Terry Graedon as our priests. | 9:39 | |
I'm saying that we're not really as free as we claim. | 9:43 | |
I'm saying that maybe death is pulling our strings. | 9:48 | |
Maybe Bill will be able to tame the national deficit. | 9:53 | |
But even Hillary's health care plan will not solve death. | 9:58 | |
And if we can't do something about our dying, | 10:05 | |
we really haven't done much about anything. | 10:08 | |
I tell you, we're jerked around by death. | 10:14 | |
The pharaohs had their pyramids. | 10:19 | |
Not too long ago, we had our bombs against the Russians. | 10:21 | |
Now we've got national health care. | 10:26 | |
Because we build bombs, and we build hospitals | 10:29 | |
for much the same reason. | 10:32 | |
As we said right here, on the first Sunday of Lent, | 10:36 | |
whenever we humans get together, | 10:40 | |
and whenever we work and join together | 10:42 | |
and use our creativity, the main agenda for us | 10:44 | |
is what to do about our death. | 10:49 | |
We're jerked around by death. | 10:53 | |
And I have noted, as a pastor, | 10:56 | |
that when I go over to visit at the hospital, | 10:58 | |
and I'm visiting someone in sickness and pain, | 11:00 | |
I've noted, I walk a little faster | 11:04 | |
when I'm leaving the hospital than when I came, | 11:07 | |
now why is that? | 11:10 | |
And so, today's story begins with illness. | 11:16 | |
Lazarus is ill over in Bethany. | 11:20 | |
He's being cared for by his two sisters, Mary and Martha, | 11:24 | |
whom you've met before. | 11:27 | |
You remember Mary, she was the one, the impractical one, | 11:28 | |
who later would pour oil, | 11:32 | |
that sweet smelling perfume all over Jesus. | 11:33 | |
And you remember Martha, she's the one | 11:38 | |
who made her matza from scratch and was good in the kitchen. | 11:39 | |
She was the practical one, Martha. | 11:42 | |
And the sisters' message to Jesus is short and to the point. | 11:46 | |
"Lord, Lazarus, whom You love, is ill." | 11:51 | |
Now watch Jesus. | 11:59 | |
Jesus responds by saying, | 12:02 | |
"Ah, this isn't an illness unto death." | 12:04 | |
Which is strange because he hasn't even seen Lazarus yet, | 12:07 | |
how would he know? | 12:10 | |
And then, more curious, after receiving | 12:13 | |
this anguished summons to the bedside of Lazarus, | 12:17 | |
Jesus hangs around where he is two more days | 12:23 | |
before heading off to Bethany, now explain that. | 12:28 | |
It doesn't say Jesus was in the middle of a lecture, | 12:32 | |
doesn't say that he was busy where he was, | 12:34 | |
he just hangs around there two full days. | 12:36 | |
Now you'd think that Jesus, Mr. Compassion, | 12:43 | |
would drop everything he was doing | 12:45 | |
and take the night train to Bethany and get over there. | 12:47 | |
It's not that he's in the middle of something important, | 12:50 | |
John just says he stayed there | 12:53 | |
two days longer in the place where he was. | 12:55 | |
When Jesus finally gets around to heading off to Bethany, | 13:00 | |
his disciples warn him, "Master, your enemies | 13:04 | |
"are over there, and they are waiting to kill you. | 13:07 | |
"You're going there again?" | 13:10 | |
Jesus pays them and their talk about death no mind. | 13:14 | |
He heads out. | 13:20 | |
"Well," says Thomas, | 13:22 | |
"I guess we'll go and die there with Him, | 13:24 | |
"let's all go together." | 13:27 | |
If you notice, death is just everywhere in this story. | 13:31 | |
Lazarus is dying, | 13:35 | |
the disciples are resigned to their dying, | 13:38 | |
and yet somehow you get the impression that Jesus | 13:42 | |
is somehow oblivious to this dying, | 13:47 | |
He has a sort of cavalier attitude | 13:50 | |
to all this death seeping up out of the pavement around Him. | 13:53 | |
He's somehow free. | 13:59 | |
Well, when Jesus finally gets over | 14:03 | |
to Bethany a couple of days later, it's all over. | 14:05 | |
Lazarus has been wrapped in his shroud, | 14:09 | |
entombed like a mummy for four days. | 14:12 | |
And Martha comes out first | 14:17 | |
to give Jesus a piece of her mind. | 14:19 | |
"Lord, if you had gotten off your Bible study | 14:23 | |
"and gotten over here, Lazarus, my brother, | 14:28 | |
"wouldn't have been dead." | 14:31 | |
And Jesus kinda brushes it off, | 14:34 | |
"Ah, your brother will rise again." | 14:35 | |
And then Martha says, "Yeah, yeah, I know all about | 14:39 | |
"the resurrection of the dead on the last day, someday, | 14:41 | |
"I know all about that." | 14:44 | |
And you get the impression here that Martha feels | 14:47 | |
much the same way we might feel on a similar occasion, | 14:51 | |
she doesn't want any pious talk, | 14:54 | |
she doesn't want any theological platitudes | 14:56 | |
delivered to her like, "Martha, this is just God's will | 14:58 | |
"you've got to learn to accept it." | 15:03 | |
Or, "Martha, he's gone on to a better place, | 15:05 | |
"don't worry about it." | 15:08 | |
She doesn't want any of that now, | 15:10 | |
any of this talk about resurrection. | 15:12 | |
She knows all of that stuff in her brain, | 15:15 | |
but her main problem is, "What's gonna become of me now? | 15:17 | |
"An unmarried woman, in this place, in this time, | 15:20 | |
"with my brother dead, I'm as good as dead." | 15:23 | |
Martha and Mary are now good as dead themselves. | 15:29 | |
But Jesus isn't talking | 15:35 | |
some abstract theology of the resurrection. | 15:37 | |
He says to her not, "Believe that someday | 15:40 | |
"your brother Lazarus will be resurrected." | 15:44 | |
or, "You'll see him again in heaven." | 15:47 | |
Jesus says to her, "I am the resurrection, | 15:50 | |
"and I am the life." | 15:55 | |
Not, "I have come to form a seminar | 16:01 | |
with you about the idea of resurrection." | 16:04 | |
but he says, "You're looking at resurrection, I am life." | 16:08 | |
Do you believe it? | 16:16 | |
That's what he asks Martha, "Do you believe it?" | 16:19 | |
And even old, down-to-earth, pots-and-pans, practical Martha | 16:24 | |
makes the most extravagant, effusive, | 16:30 | |
explicit statement of faith | 16:35 | |
in all the Gospel of John up to this point, | 16:38 | |
"Yes, Lord, I believe that you are the Messiah, | 16:42 | |
the Son of God, the one who is coming into the world." | 16:48 | |
And then they go out to the cemetery, the city of the dead, | 16:55 | |
the place of the dead, and when they get there, | 16:59 | |
everybody in town is out there at the cemetery, weeping. | 17:02 | |
And John says that for the first time when Jesus gets out | 17:07 | |
to the cemetery, He gets greatly disturbed Himself. | 17:10 | |
He is greatly disturbed in spirit, He is deeply moved, | 17:14 | |
and when he saw the tomb of Lazarus, | 17:18 | |
Jesus himself begins to weep. | 17:22 | |
It's like I told you, Jesus, Mr. Resurrection, | 17:27 | |
Jesus, Mr. Life, just hates death. | 17:30 | |
This is the first time in the story | 17:36 | |
when he's really worked up. | 17:37 | |
He just hates to be there with all the death | 17:39 | |
and the dying and the pain. | 17:42 | |
"Take away the stone!" Jesus commands. | 17:44 | |
And good old, realistic, practical, | 17:48 | |
pots-and-pans Martha says, "Lord, there's a stench in there, | 17:50 | |
"he's been dead four days!" | 17:54 | |
And then Jesus | 17:58 | |
with a voice loud enough to wake the dead says, | 17:59 | |
"Lazarus, come out!" | 18:03 | |
And the dead man comes out. | 18:06 | |
His hands and his feet bound with strips of cloth | 18:08 | |
and his face wrapped up with a cloth, | 18:11 | |
he looks like a mummy, he's all bound | 18:13 | |
and he's all tied up by death. | 18:16 | |
There stands Lazarus, | 18:19 | |
and then Jesus says in another loud voice, "Unbind him | 18:21 | |
"and let him loose." | 18:25 | |
Now with whom do you identify in this story? | 18:32 | |
Mary, Martha, yes? | 18:38 | |
Because there's always enough grief in this world | 18:42 | |
to help you to identify with this, | 18:45 | |
and even if right now, this Sunday, | 18:48 | |
you are not going through the crisis of grief, | 18:50 | |
you know down deep somewhere, that in the right moment | 18:53 | |
and with the right word and the right occasion, | 18:56 | |
that grief is ready to bubble up again. | 18:58 | |
That's the way we are with grief, | 19:00 | |
there's always a lot of grief, | 19:02 | |
we're always having lots of funerals in our lives. | 19:03 | |
Or maybe you identify more with Lazarus, | 19:10 | |
because there's a lot of death in this life. | 19:15 | |
There's a lot of binding and tied-upness | 19:20 | |
and mummified caughtness and death. | 19:23 | |
And the story says, Jesus just hates death. | 19:29 | |
He will not be jerked around by death. | 19:33 | |
He won't let dying, or the fear of it, | 19:38 | |
or adjustment to it pull his strings. | 19:41 | |
Death is not gonna control his calendar. | 19:45 | |
At the cemetery, his words are, "Take away the stone!" | 19:51 | |
and then, "Lazarus, come out!" | 19:55 | |
and finally, "Unbind him, let him go." | 19:59 | |
And we wonder if maybe Jesus is calling to us, | 20:05 | |
because he's talking so loud, like he's trying | 20:08 | |
to get through to us, | 20:12 | |
like he's calling across some great abyss even unto us. | 20:13 | |
Take away the stone, let him loose, let him go, | 20:19 | |
and Lazarus comes forth from the tomb. | 20:24 | |
But you know that in just two weeks, we're gonna gather here | 20:29 | |
and Jesus will enter the tomb. | 20:33 | |
The powers of death, the people at the Pentagon, | 20:39 | |
the religious establishment, the fickle crowd, | 20:45 | |
the guardians of the status quo, | 20:48 | |
they will at last have their way with Jesus. | 20:50 | |
And I | 20:57 | |
Lazarus is a kind of preview, an Easter glimpse, | 21:06 | |
an opening skirmish in | 21:14 | |
the soon to be fought great battle between death and life. | 21:17 | |
When Lazarus strides forth from the tomb, | 21:24 | |
it provokes fierce hostility from Jesus' critics. | 21:28 | |
And if you don't know why, | 21:32 | |
then you don't know much about the powers, | 21:34 | |
how the powers of death hold on tight | 21:38 | |
to their grip over our lives, | 21:41 | |
the ways in which death wants to pull your strings | 21:43 | |
and make you pay every day. | 21:47 | |
And I tell you, you'll never be free | 21:52 | |
until you can do something about your dying. | 21:55 | |
The whole world is a graveyard and death is omnivorous. | 22:01 | |
In the face of such death, we, like the disciples, adjust. | 22:08 | |
We crank down our expectations for life | 22:15 | |
and we bed down with death, we adjust. | 22:18 | |
But Jesus weeps. | 22:24 | |
Jesus is greatly disturbed | 22:27 | |
because Jesus just hates death. | 22:31 | |
And maybe the only illness that leads to death | 22:38 | |
is the illness of adjustment, | 22:44 | |
of adaptation to death. | 22:47 | |
Once dead Lazarus is raised, | 22:52 | |
the deadly powers that be move into action | 22:56 | |
and the serpent's egg plot to kill Jesus is hatched. | 23:00 | |
And yet, Jesus is free. | 23:08 | |
He's not going to be jerked around by death. | 23:14 | |
He's free, even now He's dancing on to another episode. | 23:19 | |
Earlier, Jesus had said, and I think He said it, likewise, | 23:27 | |
in a loud voice, "I came that they might have life! | 23:31 | |
"And have it abundantly." | 23:36 | |
And then later on in the Gospel of John he says, | 23:40 | |
"I give eternal life to them, they will never perish | 23:43 | |
"and nobody is going to snatch them out of my hand." | 23:48 | |
Jesus means to go head to head with the deadliness | 23:55 | |
and the powers of death in our life, | 23:58 | |
He means for us to be free. | 24:01 | |
So my warning to you | 24:06 | |
from this story of the raising of Lazarus today is, | 24:08 | |
go ahead, try to adjust yourself to the powers, | 24:10 | |
to the fixedness, the caughtness, the bound-upness of life. | 24:16 | |
Go ahead and let them tell you that you're too young, | 24:21 | |
or you're not well-educated enough, | 24:24 | |
or you got the wrong color of skin, | 24:25 | |
or you're the wrong gender, | 24:27 | |
or all the ways that they kinda keep you bound | 24:28 | |
in the big stone in front of the tomb and the death. | 24:31 | |
Go ahead, but you take care. | 24:34 | |
Because the lord of life has warned us, | 24:40 | |
the hour is coming when all who are in their graves | 24:44 | |
will hear His voice and they're gonna come out. | 24:48 | |
John 5:28. | 24:53 | |
Mr. Life wants to resurrect us. | 24:57 | |
Not someday, someplace, | 25:03 | |
but here and now. | 25:09 | |
I got this friend | 25:14 | |
and he's had open heart surgery, | 25:17 | |
he's had a couple of open hearth surgeries. | 25:20 | |
And I was in a meeting with him the other day, | 25:24 | |
and it was a tense meeting, and there were people | 25:28 | |
at each other's throats at the meeting | 25:30 | |
and it was a tough meeting, it was a meeting, | 25:32 | |
it wasn't a meeting over anything academic, | 25:36 | |
it was a meeting over the budget, you know, | 25:37 | |
people were ready to kill each other. | 25:39 | |
And people were jockeying around for positions | 25:42 | |
and people were weighing their words with care, | 25:45 | |
and people were, | 25:48 | |
but there he sat, calm, peaceful. | 25:52 | |
And when he finally spoke, | 25:58 | |
he spoke with such serene confidence, people listened, | 25:59 | |
and we saw a way out of the dilemma. | 26:05 | |
He was free. | 26:10 | |
On the way out of the meeting | 26:15 | |
as I was walking across the campus with him, | 26:16 | |
I said to him, "You know, what is there about you | 26:18 | |
"that no matter how tense and difficult things are, | 26:22 | |
"you, you're at peace, you're in control of yourself, | 26:25 | |
"what is that, is this in your personality, | 26:30 | |
"is this something your parents taught you, | 26:34 | |
"have you always been like this?" | 26:35 | |
And he said, "Well, you forget, when I was laying up on | 26:38 | |
"that cold steel table, I stared death in the face, | 26:42 | |
"I felt his cold breath, | 26:50 | |
and I died, | 26:56 | |
"and right at that moment, he was there, saying, | 27:00 | |
"'Peace, be still, | 27:05 | |
I will not let you go', | 27:10 | |
"and there I knew what was meant when Jesus said, | 27:18 | |
"'Look, if the Lord of life makes you free, | 27:23 | |
"'you'll be free.'" | 27:29 | |
Amen. | 27:33 |