Ruth E. Harper - "A Stone Not Made for Stoning" (May 5, 1996)

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	What	0:11
	a	0:12
	joy it is to be here today and. Especially to have the opportunity to hear my	0:12
	beloved North Carolina boys' choir sing again. My youngest son was once	0:17
	a part of this choir went on to join the American Boy Choir and I have been touched	0:21
	richly by memory and by music thank you	0:26
	so much. Would you join your hearts with mine as we	0:29
	pray together.	0:34
	Oh God	0:39
	open our ears and our hearts. That we may receive your word.	0:40
	And may it be a word	0:46
	for us that leads to eternal	0:47
	life. In Jesus Name. Amen.	0:50
	I had	0:55
	just ducked into the Wall Street Deli on the corner of California and	0:56
	seven	1:01
	fifteen. I needed a strong cup of coffee. And I needed	1:02
	it in a	1:06
	bad way. They began of General Conference was giving new	1:07
	meaning to.	1:12
	Clara Scott. Turn of the century him. Open my eyes that I may	1:14
	see. As I stood there in that crowded	1:19
	checkout counter line. Bleary eyed. From no sleep the night before.	1:22
	A very attractive well	1:28
	dressed business man walked up to	1:30
	me. Without	1:33
	any introduction. He asked me that question.	1:35
	How do you get it all done. When you only meet every four	1:39
	years. When I thought he	1:45
	was referring to the argue with. Task of rewriting the book of discipline. For a	1:47
	nine million	1:52
	member denomination. So I started into a lengthy	1:53
	explanation	1:58
	about. General Conference.	1:58
	Processing which included. Particular nds and Flannery	2:01
	sessions and legislative	2:05
	committees. And he interrupted made said no you didn't understand my	2:08
	question. I didn't mean to ask you how did you get	2:12
	all	2:15
	the work done. What I really want to know	2:16
	is when you only meet every four years.	2:21
	How do you get all your	2:24
	arguing done. And then the last thing he said I'm and you know when	2:26
	we argue every Prady	2:31
	night. Are you scared him a did not	2:34
	have to worry any longer about the United Methodist Church. I told him	2:37
	that between	2:42
	general conferences. We are new at. Jurisdictional conference.	2:43
	Annual Conference. District Conference. And storage conference.	2:48
	Later that day I was telling a clergy friend about my brief encounter with	2:54
	the inquiring Jewish	2:59
	gentleman. As he asked me this question she said. How many United	3:01
	Methodist does it take to change a	3:06
	lightbulb. I don't know I asked how	3:09
	many one marked. Only one.	3:12
	We can do anything	3:16
	together. Well this is a starman that	3:19
	I confess ought to be preached in an executive session for United	3:22
	Methodist. We ought to have a closed door policy and only allow a	3:27
	Methodist in	3:31
	here. Because it's an end house	3:32
	critique. I was talking with Brad our Lector a few minutes ago and he's	3:35
	a Baptist. Interested in the United	3:39
	Methodist Church Brad please don't hold this against us.	3:42
	But I have a hunch that.	3:45
	Every bit of dirty laundry that we could air is the	3:49
	same dirty laundry that every other denomination could	3:53
	air. And so. Hold your nose	3:56
	and here go.	3:59
	Most of you are aware that there is dissension in our	4:03
	denomination. In fact we joke about	4:08
	the term. United Methodist we call it an oxymoron.	4:11
	And we say that the typo. I'm	4:15
	tied Methodist. Is more apropos. Now want	4:18
	to tell you you're going to probably think it's Didn't happen but I will swear on a stack of Bibles that it	4:22
	happened exactly as I tell	4:27
	it. Friday as I was completing the finishing touches on	4:30
	the Starman. The office telephone	4:34
	rang. And I picked it up and I said hello Wilmington district office.	4:36
	It was one of those telemarketing calls you know you know immediately that's what it is and.	4:42
	The woman on the other end of the line said. I	4:47
	would like to speak to Mr or	4:52
	Mrs on Methodist.	4:56
	I swear this happened.	5:00
	I nearly fell out of my day or trying to keep from	5:05
	laughing. After I composed myself I said. Do	5:09
	you suppose. UN Methodist might be an abbreviation for United	5:12
	Methodist. And he said Oh excuse me I think you're probably right that's	5:18
	the way it appeared on my computer screen. I'm	5:22
	so sorry. When I hung up from talking with her. I thought to	5:25
	myself he may have had it more right than she realized.	5:30
	I flew to Denver for General Conference. Expecting much. Talk about	5:35
	unity and much evidence. Of disunity.	5:41
	Unfortunately I was not terribly	5:45
	disappointed. In fact the councilman Bishop had evidently been reading the	5:48
	same signs because Bishop. Judith Craig's opening a	5:53
	fiscal address. Had these words to say. If the Christian	5:58
	community is consumed with conflict.	6:03
	The body of Christ.	6:06
	Is fractured. She called the delegates	6:08
	to save dismembering the body of Christ then to began	6:12
	really member ing. Jesus. Well I stand before you today	6:16
	to make something of the same	6:21
	appeal. Let's stop beating up. One	6:23
	another in the	6:27
	words of Peter. Centered thing I have to give you a little.	6:28
	Lead into this bread and read the actual lectionary text for TODAY which	6:33
	begins with Verse two of Second Chapter First Peter.	6:39
	First one is left out. And verse. One is part of.	6:43
	Left out of the like in	6:48
	our text goes like this. Let's rid ourselves of all malice.	6:49
	And guile.	6:54
	And insincerity and. Envy and	6:56
	slander. That's a good thing that we omit those	6:59
	words. We kind of glide over them. You know speed read through those if we read them at all.	7:04
	And then our eyes fall longingly on the closing words	7:09
	of chapter two. You are a.	7:13
	Chosen Race. A royal priesthood of a holy	7:16
	nation. God's own people. Were to tell us and	7:20
	in practice.	7:25
	Yes. Just as the cornerstone was	7:26
	chosen impression. There's no doubt about	7:29
	it. But we must never	7:31
	forget that. Our chosen. Does not by our own efforts.	7:33
	It is by the saving love the grace of Jesus	7:38
	Christ. We once were like the illegitimate	7:42
	children of the Prophet	7:47
	Hosea we were called Alone through Hey mom.	7:50
	Not pity and low. Are mine. Not my people.	7:53
	But now we are. We beamed.	7:59
	We're called pity. We're called my	8:01
	people. And one of we done with this crisis Dept of God what have we	8:04
	done with	8:08
	the chosen impressive corner to sell. We've hoisted and high	8:09
	above our	8:14
	heads. And then we dropped it on the heads of one	8:15
	another in the name of the truth of Jesus Christ	8:20
	we have maimed our brothers and sisters. We have used.	8:23
	The cornerstone as a	8:28
	weapon. We have.	8:30
	Gerrard at one	8:33
	another through our Jesus judgment.	8:34
	During the past three months I have carried the cornerstone around with me. It	8:40
	has gone from	8:45
	Wilmington. To Israel. To St Petersburg.	8:46
	To Denver and. All the while as it has	8:51
	been bouncing around in my head. It has taken on new	8:55
	images and new. New	8:59
	up perspective. In February I	9:01
	took the corner stone with me on my first	9:04
	pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Now as you were to lift my suitcase on	9:07
	my return trip you would be certain that I brought it back with me as	9:12
	well because you see a wonderful man in my	9:17
	life that asked me if I would bring him back a rock.	9:20
	Now he could have asked for the moon. But he just asked for a rock.	9:25
	So everywhere I went I picked up a rock and then I lugged them all back. Through customs.	9:30
	You know you cannot travel around Israel without	9:36
	realizing. That Jesus had good reason to use rocks and	9:40
	stones and so many of his	9:45
	illustrations. Israel is a rocky country.	9:47
	In fact. While I was traveling I got thinking about James Weldon Johnson's.	9:52
	Poem that has become the African American Nash. Well anthem and verse to start.	9:57
	Stoney the road we tried. Well Jesus. Fraught over	10:03
	some pretty rocky terrain and. As was his custom he used to	10:07
	illustrate whatever he had which was closest at	10:13
	hand. And so I brought all these rocks back and they now stand each of	10:16
	them for a different illustration or metaphor that Jesus used.	10:20
	One is for the wise man who built his house upon the rock. Another	10:25
	is for	10:30
	Peter. The rock on which the church was	10:31
	built. And yet another one for the child who when asking for bread is	10:34
	not given a	10:38
	stone. And one is for the children of. Of Abraham who will be	10:40
	raised up. Out of the	10:44
	stone. And one is for the woman caught in the act of adultery.	10:46
	Who overheard Jesus say to the angry	10:52
	crowd. You who are without sin cast the first stone.	10:54
	And the most precious one of	11:00
	all. Is for the stone that the builders rejected.	11:02
	The Chief Cornerstone.	11:06
	While walking around the temple ruins I examine those corner stones and.	11:10
	I saw one this large huge slab of Jerusalem limestone.	11:16
	And I began to vision. That cornerstone as. Beautifully human.	11:22
	Perfectly cute. Top and bottom and all the sides that. Complete right	11:28
	angles. And I envisioned it was a pain in the	11:33
	ground and. It was	11:37
	leveled. A string line attaching to it. And every stone that	11:39
	was put upon it was just put on it for support and for measurement. And	11:44
	for direction. I liked that image that was a nice story book.	11:49
	Idea like	11:54
	image. If only I	11:56
	hadn't really read. First Peter. Now what was I going to do with	11:58
	these	12:02
	words. A stone that makes them	12:03
	stumble. And a rock. That makes them fall.	12:06
	When our cornerstone properly steps in a building doesn't make	12:12
	anybody stumble or	12:17
	fall. If I began to	12:19
	think this cornerstone is evidently not. Where it's supposed to be it's	12:21
	off to one side. It's forgotten. The weeds have grown up around it it's still	12:25
	useful. But it is now no longer a building	12:31
	block. It has become a stumbling block.	12:34
	Well that was a troublesome image for me but not half as bothersome as the one that was yet	12:39
	to	12:44
	appear as its cornerstone bumped around in my head.	12:45
	I picked up facts and read about the stoning. Of	12:48
	Stephen. Suddenly I had another image of the	12:51
	use of the stone. For you see the custom in that day for	12:56
	a stoning was that witnesses to the crime.	13:01
	Would take huge rocks and drop them. On the	13:05
	chest of the accused.	13:09
	So I had this vision of someone with a cornerstone standing over their reprobate.	13:12
	And dropping it on here. Or her	13:18
	head. So in addition to my tiny image	13:22
	of a	13:25
	building down. I had to add the probably.	13:27
	Images of a forgotten stone and. An abusive.	13:31
	Stuff	13:37
	for years. The cornerstone has been forgotten. And it's been	13:38
	ignored. The church has existed and grown and	13:44
	thrived but often Jesus. Has not.	13:47
	In fact. A song a protest song of the sixties. Sort of tells it	13:51
	all it's a song that	13:56
	is written as a. Conversation with God about the church.	13:58
	And one of the verses goes like this	14:03
	if. I visited your house again on	14:08
	Christmas or	14:11
	Thanksgiving. And a bald man said you were dead but the	14:12
	house would go on living.	14:16
	He reciting	14:19
	poetry. And that he saw me stand to leave. He	14:21
	shook his	14:24
	head and said I'd never find you there.	14:26
	Well	14:32
	many of us are involved in the practice of	14:32
	a religion must	14:35
	religion. We are Christian	14:36
	in name. But we do not name. Christ.	14:39
	As we move into the twenty first century there	14:44
	are numerous voices that are calling the church back to the business	14:47
	of proclaiming to witnessing. To the saving love of Jesus	14:53
	Christ. We're being called the pick up the cornerstone.	14:56
	What	15:02
	scares me is not that people are being called to lift it	15:02
	high What scares me is what they are doing with it.	15:08
	Once	15:11
	they have it rained during my ministry I have had	15:12
	countless conversations with people who are struggling to overcome	15:16
	the damage that has been done to them.	15:20
	In the name of Jesus. The	15:23
	crime. We can talk	15:25
	to people on either side to any significant debate and they will tell you that they	15:28
	feel abused. For example both extremes of the homosexual. Debate.	15:34
	Have come to me and said to me.	15:40
	They want to kill the messenger. In fact the General Conference I	15:42
	learned that those. Stand in the middle on this is to consider themselves to be a Mill	15:47
	Road at any rate.	15:52
	Feel that they are the most abused. They called in South transforming congregation.	15:54
	And they claim that neither side.	16:00
	Appreciates them their Amis to turn homosexuals and	16:03
	heterosexuals. And they say they are abused by	16:08
	both extremes.	16:12
	Well. Using Christ the cornerstone. To bruise people.	16:14
	I have to tell you is damaging our ability to bring people into	16:19
	the love of Jesus.	16:24
	In our efforts to enfranchise. The truth we	16:27
	are often dipped in franchising those who stand on the periphery of the	16:30
	Christian	16:35
	faith. Funny thing. There is nothing very attractive about a	16:36
	divided people. So clutch. A handful of stones.	16:40
	Bishop	16:46
	William growth from the. Albany	16:47
	area. And the sermon that he delivered on the second day of general conference.	16:50
	Had this to say. The world seeing our divisions.	16:54
	Is not interested in our	17:00
	truths or as someone else. Once said. No	17:03
	one cares how much you	17:07
	know. Unless they know how much you	17:09
	care are feuding is not very attractive.	17:15
	It never was and is never will	17:18
	be the only Christian Church. Didn't	17:21
	receive followers because people could observe how much they knew their	17:24
	followers came to them because they observed. How much they	17:29
	loved. In an effort to do my small part of laying down	17:33
	my handful	17:37
	of stones I decided these two years that I wasn't going to wear any bodies but.	17:38
	A general conference.	17:43
	Now. I confess I did succumb very briefly for a couple hours I was	17:45
	caught wearing a big African university but.	17:50
	I just simply couldn't	17:53
	resist giving tribute to	17:55
	this wonderful program Matic. Outreach. Hard to nomination.	17:57
	But otherwise I didn't wear the button or	18:02
	the pin. Or the ribbons or the flowers.	18:05
	Now many of them made statements that I would like to have	18:09
	made. But not at the expense of joining a camp. And drawing	18:12
	up battle lines.	18:17
	It's amazing how easy it is to get caught	18:20
	up in that damn enough	18:22
	posturing. I remember in one nine hundred seventy five. I travelled to	18:25
	Detroit to attend the C.R. logy in	18:29
	the Americas conference. And I went with that something which people as my	18:32
	late husband Dr Lee Harper. And the light	18:37
	Dr Fred Hertz on. We arrived there. A rainbow	18:39
	of people from all over	18:44
	the America. We were there to learn from	18:46
	Latin	18:51
	American Christians who had suffered under oppression so that we could	18:52
	do theology	18:55
	together. We came there with a unified effort we were going to	18:57
	do theology from the vantage point of the	19:02
	oppressed. But we had no sooner unpacked our suitcases. Than	19:04
	the battle lines were drawn.	19:09
	We had joined into our	19:11
	caucus group. We had developed. Our arguments for why our	19:13
	group was more of pressed than every other	19:18
	group. We had collected our handful	19:21
	of stones. And of course we were pelting them. At white male.	19:23
	That's what we always do. So some of the white males got together. And they joined	19:28
	a caucus	19:33
	group. And they issued a statement the moaning how poorly treated they had been	19:34
	and how they indeed were the	19:39
	most oppressed group present. Well we all laughed.	19:42
	Was great comic	19:46
	relief. But in our laughter. We realized just how	19:48
	foolish how ridiculous we	19:52
	had been. And we began to lay	19:53
	down our stuff. Back in the sixty's there was.	19:56
	A wonderful animated. Sixteen millimeter cartoon film some of you may have	20:00
	seen it it was	20:05
	short. Silent and made a very significant point about hostility.	20:06
	There were these two groups of people that lived on mountains nearby. And they were joined	20:11
	by a	20:16
	bridge. They got into an argument	20:17
	about something. They began to throw stones at each other	20:20
	and call each other	20:25
	names. And the argument escalated to the point where they brought	20:27
	out heavy artillery.	20:31
	And in their warring.	20:34
	Inadvertently blew up the bridge the only	20:36
	source of connection between the two.	20:40
	And at the end. There was a wonderful caption. Splashed	20:43
	across the screen. It	20:47
	said. Is it. Always right.	20:50
	To be right. Indeed. Is it	20:55
	always right. To be right. The only thing that	21:00
	is always	21:04
	right. Is To Love.	21:05
	So what are we going to	21:10
	do with our firm convictions. Our social imperatives our steel logical.	21:11
	Opinions are serious disagreements. Are we	21:17
	going to factor out all the controversy will stop until we come down to the	21:20
	lowest	21:25
	common denominator. Are we	21:26
	going to stand for anything. In our effort to stand for everything.	21:29
	I hope not. About twenty five years ago I stood in	21:36
	a classroom over here and did Divinity School. And	21:41
	I challenge. The editor of our United Methodist publishing house.	21:45
	Being the young. Seminarian ideologues. Idealistic like I was I.	21:50
	I blurted out in a moment of	21:55
	frustration. I said. Mr Watts. I	21:57
	believe we have become so open minded.	22:01
	We have holes in our	22:04
	head.	22:07
	Well what are we going to do. How are we going to align ourselves along the continuum.	22:08
	Of being open minded and single minded. Are we	22:14
	going to suppress every conviction that we have and what are not to	22:18
	argue our way through the next. Quadrennial. Before you	22:22
	answer too quickly. Remember the early Church argued.	22:26
	X. fifteen tells us that Paul and Barnabas.	22:32
	Met up with some folks from.	22:35
	Judea. And as the Scripture says. They had quote. No	22:38
	small dissension and	22:43
	debate. The people from Judea were saying that you must be circumcised.	22:45
	For salvation.	22:49
	Now it may be a moot issue for you but it was a hot one for them.	22:51
	And they debated.	22:55
	Passionately.	22:58
	This year's general conference. Theme. Allowed for	23:00
	disagreement. As a backdrop to everything we do with the. Did with the words of.	23:04
	John Wesley the prescription for the church. In the central.	23:09
	Unity in non	23:14
	essential liberty. In all	23:15
	things charity. But during the second week I	23:19
	overheard someone say. The trouble is we don't agree about	23:23
	essential. And we don't agree about non-essential.	23:27
	And I thought to myself no. The trouble is we don't agree	23:31
	about charity.	23:36
	If we are going to when people bring them into the Christian	23:39
	faith. We have to agree	23:43
	about charity. We have to decide that. We are going to	23:46
	love others whether they agree with UPS or	23:51
	not whether they're right or not.	23:54
	The early Christian church with all of	23:57
	its disagreements. Had instead of	23:59
	them. See how these Christians love one another.	24:01
	Jesus fondest wish was expressed in a prayer. Immediately	24:08
	before he took his disciples on a nighttime walk through the Kidron Valley and into	24:12
	the garden of guest emanating. He prayed for	24:17
	unity. He said I asked not only on behalf of these disciples but	24:20
	also on behalf of all of those who will	24:25
	believe in Me through their	24:28
	words that they may love one another.	24:30
	Whatever else the Christian faith is. It is a communal religion.	24:34
	We are a building. We are stones individual Yes but	24:39
	we are bound together. We depend on one another and together we depend	24:44
	soley for support and direction on the cornerstone.	24:49
	If we are separated off from one another we become. Stumbling stone.	24:53
	When we	24:59
	argue. We're all right but when we separate ourselves we are in great	25:00
	trouble. Recently I discovered a one act play I had never	25:05
	read before. It's written and well was written in one thousand nine twenty by Edna	25:09
	St Vincent Millay.	25:14
	And it's called aria. The capo. It's a tried to comedy with	25:16
	a	25:21
	poignant message. To Shepherds are out in the field	25:22
	watching their flock when one says to the other.	25:26
	Let's play a game. Let's gather it sounds. And	25:29
	build a wall between us. And say. Over there belongs to me.	25:34
	And over here belongs to you. And so they build this wall.	25:39
	They build it.	25:44
	High not over which to see but too high over with the	25:46
	scales. And then as part of their plan.	25:50
	They seem as to how they can outdo the other.	25:54
	Well the plot thickens. When one of the shepherds looks over and see that there is	25:58
	abundant water on the other	26:04
	side. And his side has none. And so he called	26:06
	the cross and asked for water to	26:10
	water ski. But the other shepherd. Spitefully reminds him.	26:11
	Over here belongs to me and over there.	26:17
	To you.	26:20
	Well it's not long	26:23
	before the. Shepherd who has	26:25
	the water looks over. And he discovers that on the	26:29
	other side. There are these magnificent gemstone. And	26:32
	so he decides that he will offer now	26:37
	a trade. Water for Jim. Oh	26:40
	no said jeopardy. Over here belongs to me and over there to you.	26:43
	And he	26:49
	began to dream about what he can have the wealth that he can have from these	26:49
	gems. And he no longer concerned about the thirsty sheep they become just	26:54
	dirty nuisances that are expendable.	26:58
	What is separate with a wine or suggest if you don't want those people not take	27:01
	them. But I don't know. The shepherd with the gems would rather see	27:05
	his teeth. Dived or. Then fall into the	27:10
	hands of his opponent. At the end of the	27:14
	play. The two openly agree on a trade water for	27:18
	jam. And yet secretly they're still steaming against each other.	27:22
	The one with the water put poison in the water	27:27
	bowl. The one with the gems. Trim strings them on a	27:30
	noose like necklace. They decide they're going to make the swap.	27:34
	At exactly the same time so as one cannot. Outdo the other. And so	27:39
	they reach over the	27:43
	wall. And the one with the noose puts it around. The other step	27:45
	with	27:50
	neck. And the one with the water.	27:50
	Gives the ball. To be drawn from.	27:54
	Now the play ends with what should. Have been an act of kindness	27:58
	and cooperation but. In South being a	28:03
	double murder. As the poison. Is drunk.	28:05
	The	28:10
	necklace. Is tight. And the to	28:11
	fall upon the ground dead.	28:15
	Well they wear. What may began as a silly little game.	28:19
	Can become lethal not only to the people that we wall. Out but	28:24
	to ourselves. When we separate ourselves off from one another we become paranoid.	28:28
	When we are separated from one another in a group. We	28:35
	start thinking the sinister things you know this is a plot	28:40
	against me. I thought it happened many times that General Conference over the	28:43
	silliest of things. I got tickled when one of the members of the House Committee penned	28:48
	a little poem it was a spoof. About all the complaints that had come	28:53
	into	28:57
	his office about the problems and. That the different.	28:58
	Delegates that had one of the verses went like	29:03
	this my committee is missing they just disappeared. They're trying	29:07
	to dump	29:11
	me. It's just as I feared.	29:12
	When we separate ourselves off from one another we become paranoid when	29:15
	we draw lines in the sand when we build up walls. When we start	29:20
	thinking of each other as them and us. We wound. One another to	29:25
	say nothing of the thirsty sheep.	29:29
	For	29:34
	the sake of the thirsty sheep who long for the cool living water.	29:34
	Of Jesus Christ. Let's lay down our stones.	29:40
	But stop beating up one another. You can argue that's	29:45
	OK. We're part of the family and families don't always agree.	29:50
	And fact. Scott Peck said people get married for two reasons one to have babies.	29:55
	And to to have	30:00
	tension. It's	30:02
	OK to disagree. What we cannot do	30:04
	is to separate ourselves.	30:08
	Disagreements. Yes. They are a part of the way in which we learn the truth.	30:11
	They are also a part of the way in which we learn to love.	30:15
	So for the next quadrennial let's agree to disagree.	30:20
	It's time to lay down our stones empty	30:25
	our hands. The cornerstone is a stone. Not made	30:30
	for stoning a	30:35
	man.	30:39

Item Info

Title:

Ruth E. Harper - "A Stone Not Made for Stoning" (May 5, 1996)

Description:

The Church is being called back to witnessing the saving love of Jesus Christ as the 21st century approaches. Using Christ to oppress people is damaging the Church’s efforts to bring people into the love of Jesus. (Abstract created by Duke Divinity School staff.)
Key quotation: “In the name of Jesus Christ we have maimed our brothers and sisters. We have used the cornerstone as a weapon. We have jeered at one another through our Jesus judgements.”

Permalink:

https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r4cr5ns80

Date:

May 5, 1996

Speaker:

Harper, Ruth E.

Subject:

Contributor:

Duke University. Chapel

Identifier:

UA.17.01.0003 CS-0807
ref9737_g7z
uachapelsermaud
duke:320673
dcrau001469
ark:/87924/r4cr5ns80
55eda1c9-be2a-4ad8-8400-9cf003ca0a51

Digital Collection:

Duke Chapel Recordings

Source Collection:

Duke University Chapel recordings

Language:

English

Location:

United States
North Carolina
Durham (N.C.)

Format:

Provenance:

The Duke University Chapel Recordings were transferred to the Duke University Archives beginning in 1970.

Rights:

Limited Re-Use

Unknown Rights-Holder

Rights Note:

This material is made available for research, scholarship, and private study. Copyright in this material has not been transferred to Duke University. For reuses of this material beyond those permitted by fair use or otherwise allowed under the Copyright Act, please see our page on copyright and citations: https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/research/citations-and-permissions.

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