Philip Potter - "Christ Liberates for Community and Scripture" (October 10, 1976)
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(solemn church organ music) | 0:16 | |
(church hymn) | 11:55 | |
- | Let us join in the responsive prayer | 18:13 |
of confession and intercession. | 18:15 | |
Lord, you made the world and everything in it. | 18:19 | |
You created the human race of one stock and gave us | 18:23 | |
the earth for our possession. | 18:27 | |
- | Break down the walls that separate us | 18:30 |
and unite us in a single body. | 18:33 | |
- | Lord, we have been divisive in our thinking, | 18:37 |
in our speech, in our actions. | 18:40 | |
We have classified and imprisoned one another. | 18:43 | |
We have fenced each other out by hatred and prejudice. | 18:46 | |
- | Break down the walls that separate us | 18:51 |
and unite us in a single body. | 18:54 | |
- | Lord, you mean us to be a single people ruled by peace, | 18:58 |
living in freedom, freed from injustice, | 19:02 | |
truly human, women and men, | 19:06 | |
responsible and responsive in the life we lead, | 19:09 | |
the love we share, the relationships we create. | 19:13 | |
- | Break down the walls that separate us | 19:18 |
and unite us in a single body. | 19:20 | |
- | Lord, we shall need ever new insights into the truth. | 19:25 |
Awareness of your will for all humanity. | 19:29 | |
Courage to do what is right even when it is not allowed. | 19:33 | |
Persistence in undermining unjust structures, | 19:38 | |
until they crumble into dust. | 19:42 | |
Grace to exercise a ministry of reconciliation. | 19:45 | |
- | Break down the walls that separate us | 19:50 |
and unite us in a single body. | 19:53 | |
- | Lord, share out among us the tongues of your spirit, | 19:57 |
that we may each burn with compassion for all who hunger | 20:01 | |
for freedom and humanness. | 20:05 | |
That we may be doers of the word. | 20:08 | |
And so speak with credibility | 20:10 | |
about the wonderful things you have done. | 20:12 | |
- | Lord direct us in ways we do not yet discern | 20:16 |
and equip a us for the service of reconciliation | 20:20 | |
and liberation in your world. | 20:24 | |
- | Now let each person in silence and sincerity, | 20:28 |
add a private prayer of penitent for the walls | 20:33 | |
we have erected against our neighbors. | 20:36 | |
And the opportunities for reconciliation, | 20:39 | |
liberation and unity, which we have let slip by. | 20:42 | |
It is written that whoever hated a brother or a sister | 20:59 | |
is in darkness still, but he who love it, | 21:03 | |
the neighbor walks in the light | 21:06 | |
and gives no occasion for stumbling. | 21:08 | |
Whosoever shows forth the love of Jesus Christ | 21:12 | |
finds fellowship with him and with the creator of us all. | 21:15 | |
Amen. | 21:20 | |
(church hymn) | 21:30 | |
- | The scripture lesson for this morning | 26:28 |
is from the letter to the Galatians, | 26:30 | |
the fifth chapter, the first 15 verses. | 26:32 | |
"For freedom, Christ has set us free. | 26:38 | |
Stand fast therefore, | 26:42 | |
and do not submit again to a yolk of slavery. | 26:43 | |
Now I Paul, say to you that if you receive circumcision, | 26:48 | |
Christ will be of no advantage to you. | 26:52 | |
I testify again to every man who receives circumcision, | 26:55 | |
that he is bound to keep the whole law. | 26:58 | |
You are severed from Christ | 27:02 | |
you who would be justified by the law. | 27:03 | |
You have fallen away from grace. | 27:07 | |
For through the spirit, by faith, | 27:10 | |
we wait for the hope of righteousness. | 27:12 | |
For in Christ Jesus, neither circumcision | 27:16 | |
nor uncircumcision is of any avail, | 27:18 | |
but faith working through love. | 27:21 | |
You were running well, | 27:25 | |
who hindered you from obeying the truth? | 27:27 | |
This persuasion is not from him who called you. | 27:30 | |
A little yeast leavens the whole lump. | 27:34 | |
I have confidence in the Lord | 27:37 | |
that you will take no other view than mine. | 27:39 | |
And he who is troubling you will are his judgment, | 27:41 | |
whoever he is. | 27:44 | |
But if I brethren still preach circumcision, | 27:46 | |
why am I still persecuted? | 27:49 | |
In that case, the stumbling block of the cross | 27:52 | |
has been removed. | 27:55 | |
I wish those who unsettle you would mutilate themselves. | 27:57 | |
For you were called to freedom, brethren. | 28:01 | |
Only do not use your freedom as an opportunity | 28:04 | |
for the flesh, but through love, be servants of one another. | 28:07 | |
For the whole law is fulfilled in one word. | 28:14 | |
You shall love your neighbor as yourself. | 28:18 | |
But if you bite and devour one another, | 28:22 | |
take heed that you are not consumed by one another." | 28:25 | |
May God open our minds and our hearts and our lives | 28:31 | |
to this reading from holy scripture, amen. | 28:36 | |
(church hymn) | 28:39 | |
- | With one voice, let us affirm what we believe. | 29:24 |
We believe in God who has created and is creating, | 29:29 | |
who has come in the truly human Jesus | 29:34 | |
to reconcile and make new | 29:37 | |
who works in us and others by the spirit. | 29:40 | |
We trust God who calls us to be the church | 29:44 | |
to celebrate life and its fullness, | 29:49 | |
to love and serve others, | 29:52 | |
to seek justice and resist evil, to proclaim Jesus, | 29:54 | |
crucified and risen, our judge and our hope. | 29:59 | |
In life, in death. | 30:05 | |
In life beyond death, God is with us. | 30:07 | |
We are not alone. | 30:12 | |
Thanks be to God. | 30:14 | |
The Lord be with you. | 30:17 | |
- | And with your spirit. | 30:19 |
- | Let us pray. | 30:20 |
Oh God, you are our refuge and our strength. | 30:31 | |
We ask you mercifully now to hear us as we pray. | 30:38 | |
Here are words of thanksgiving, oh God. | 30:46 | |
For your strength, which helps us bear our burdens, | 30:50 | |
face our responsibilities | 30:54 | |
and stand the tensions of our lives. | 30:57 | |
For your of guidance, which helps us make right decisions. | 31:03 | |
Find a way which is right and just | 31:09 | |
and see clearly when the darkness comes and the way is dim. | 31:13 | |
For your goodness and mercy, Which cleanse us from our sin, | 31:21 | |
help us in our temptation | 31:29 | |
and offer us hope in the midst of struggle. | 31:34 | |
For grace and love ever real, | 31:39 | |
and without end, we give you thanks. | 31:43 | |
We pray oh, loving God for your holy church. | 31:48 | |
The church which you have given | 31:55 | |
and to which you have called each of us. | 31:56 | |
Cleanse, oh God, the church of all bitterness, | 32:01 | |
all division, all coldness and all unfaithfulness | 32:04 | |
Defend your church, oh Lord | 32:12 | |
from persecution and attack from without, | 32:15 | |
from heresy within. | 32:18 | |
From the enmity of its enemies and the failures | 32:21 | |
of its believers. | 32:24 | |
Give, oh God, to your church that is to us | 32:28 | |
courage as we speak, strong will as we serve, | 32:34 | |
sensitive spirits as we care. | 32:40 | |
May we and all those who claim the name of Christ, | 32:44 | |
let nothing come between us and our true service to love | 32:48 | |
and obey in the name of Jesus, the Christ. | 32:53 | |
We ask now, oh God, for peace. | 32:59 | |
Peace in troubled, waring lands. | 33:04 | |
Peace where the young must fight, | 33:07 | |
where the old must suffer | 33:11 | |
and the children must live in fear. | 33:14 | |
And oh God, give to each of us peace within ourselves. | 33:19 | |
That our spirits may grow calm and our hearts be comforted. | 33:24 | |
Give to us peace with each other | 33:29 | |
that we may live in Goodwill and harmony with those nearby | 33:32 | |
and those neighbors far away. | 33:38 | |
Give to us peace with you, oh God. | 33:42 | |
That the certainty that you love us may take our fears away. | 33:45 | |
May we know that your love forgives us, | 33:52 | |
your grace upholds us and your promise sustains us. | 33:55 | |
Especially, oh Lord, | 34:02 | |
we would ask that you would comfort the sick and the dying. | 34:04 | |
Draw near with your presence | 34:10 | |
to those whom we have committed to your care | 34:12 | |
and strengthen us For the glorious living of these days. | 34:17 | |
Yes, oh God, our refuge and our strength. | 34:26 | |
Hear us mercifully as we pray. | 34:31 | |
Our father who art in heaven, hallow be thy name | 34:38 | |
thy kingdom come, thy will be done on earth as it was. | 34:45 | |
Give us to stay our daily bread | 34:52 | |
and forgive us our trespasses | 34:56 | |
as we forgive those who trespass against us. | 34:58 | |
And lead us not into temptation, | 35:02 | |
Deliver us from evil. | 35:05 | |
As a kingdom and the power and the glory. | 35:08 | |
Forever, amen. | 35:12 | |
May I say welcome to each of you this morning? | 35:20 | |
This is a moment and a service | 35:28 | |
that we have looked forward to for a long, long time. | 35:32 | |
And in the name of Christ, I welcome you | 35:37 | |
and pray God's blessing upon you. | 35:43 | |
As you have come | 35:47 | |
and as we have this time to worship God | 35:47 | |
and to have fellowship with one another. | 35:52 | |
May your having come be a blessing | 35:56 | |
not only while you are here, but may it provide strength | 35:59 | |
and assurance for you as you part. | 36:05 | |
It is our distinct and honored privilege | 36:11 | |
to welcome to Duke University, to Duke Chapel, | 36:16 | |
to this service And to the pulpit here, | 36:22 | |
The Reverend Dr. Philip Potter, | 36:28 | |
the general secretary of the World Council of Churches. | 36:32 | |
Surely it is indeed fitting | 36:37 | |
that he who leads the World Council of Churches. | 36:41 | |
An ecumenical body consisting | 36:47 | |
of some 280 Christian fellowships, | 36:49 | |
should come and proclaim God's word to us | 36:55 | |
who gather regularly in one of the true ecumenical | 37:00 | |
houses of worship. | 37:03 | |
As we gather from many Christian persuasions to worship God | 37:07 | |
and be blessed by the spirit of Christ. | 37:12 | |
Dr. Potter, as you come, we welcome you. | 37:15 | |
As you preach, we hear you gladly and receptively. | 37:20 | |
And as you part from us, we send our blessing with you | 37:26 | |
as you go to minister in the name | 37:31 | |
and in the spirit of Christ, | 37:33 | |
we welcome you at this moment. | 37:35 | |
- | In the name of the Father and of the Son | 38:01 |
and of the Holy Spirit, amen. | 38:05 | |
First of all, I would like to say how joyful it is | 38:10 | |
for me to be here with you this morning. | 38:15 | |
I believe it's two years ago | 38:20 | |
when you were going to celebrate | 38:22 | |
the 50th anniversary of this chapel. | 38:24 | |
And I was invited did to come to be the preacher. | 38:28 | |
But I was not able to do that at the time. | 38:32 | |
And so when I knew I was coming to Washington | 38:37 | |
to attend a special meeting, I offered my services | 38:40 | |
to Dr. Young to be amongst you this morning. | 38:44 | |
And indeed, it is a privilege to preach it | 38:51 | |
at this great university. | 38:54 | |
And in this noble pile, it used to be said | 38:57 | |
about the chapel of another university | 39:03 | |
in the United States, where I once preached | 39:06 | |
that it was a million-dollar protest against materialism. | 39:10 | |
And this chapel is far more impressive protest | 39:16 | |
than the other one. | 39:21 | |
As regards the theme of the sermon, | 39:26 | |
I would like to make two preliminary remarks. | 39:29 | |
The theme is Christ liberates for community, | 39:34 | |
But in the cable I sent, | 39:39 | |
there was the phrase and scripture added. | 39:43 | |
Because the scripture passage was following that | 39:48 | |
and I'm afraid and scripture got added to the theme. | 39:51 | |
It was a mistake, but a good mistake | 39:56 | |
because Christ does liberate us | 40:01 | |
to hear and follow his word in a new and creative way. | 40:06 | |
And I remind you of the Pilgrim fathers | 40:13 | |
who are coming to this country in search of freedom, | 40:15 | |
said the Lord has more light and truth | 40:21 | |
to come out of his holy bird. | 40:25 | |
The second preliminary comment I'd like to make | 40:29 | |
is that it is a very daring thing to preach | 40:32 | |
on this theme, Christ liberates for community | 40:36 | |
in this chapel. | 40:39 | |
Because liberation is very closely linked | 40:42 | |
with the divinity school of this university since the 1960s. | 40:45 | |
And it is very famous for its liberation theology. | 40:53 | |
But my purpose is to put this concern in its world, | 41:00 | |
its ecumenical perspective. | 41:05 | |
Liberation is a powerful phenomenon | 41:10 | |
all over the world today. | 41:13 | |
It is sought by many Who are oppressed in any way, | 41:16 | |
And it is feared by the few who oppress | 41:23 | |
or share consciously or unconsciously | 41:27 | |
in systems of oppression. | 41:30 | |
And we know that the world | 41:35 | |
is full of various liberation movements. | 41:39 | |
If you take political movements, | 41:44 | |
we have several all over the world today. | 41:47 | |
We have liberation movements against economic oppression. | 41:52 | |
For example, in Latin America and the Caribbean, | 41:58 | |
we have racial political movements. | 42:03 | |
Those that are seeking to free themselves | 42:07 | |
from the shackles of racial discrimination and domination. | 42:10 | |
Particularly in Southern Africa, | 42:18 | |
among the aborigines in Australia, | 42:20 | |
the Maoris in New Zealand, | 42:23 | |
the Indians in North America and South America. | 42:25 | |
They are the ethnic and regional liberation movements. | 42:31 | |
In Switzerland, in the Jura, | 42:38 | |
there is a pretty strong and or sometimes violent | 42:40 | |
liberation group there. | 42:48 | |
In Belgium, we have a conflict | 42:51 | |
between the Walloons the Flemish. | 42:53 | |
In the United Kingdom, | 42:57 | |
you have the English calling themselves patriots | 43:00 | |
and they call the Scotts and the Welch nationalists. | 43:03 | |
We have the Women's Liberation Movement. | 43:10 | |
Sexism. | 43:15 | |
The struggle against sexism. | 43:16 | |
Discrimination against women in society, | 43:18 | |
and also in the church. | 43:23 | |
All these movements are protests | 43:25 | |
against enslaving systems, structures and so on. | 43:28 | |
And even within the church itself, | 43:33 | |
there are movements to break away | 43:36 | |
from the enslaving traditions of the church. | 43:39 | |
Once its movement is the charismatic movement. | 43:44 | |
There's also cry for community. | 43:51 | |
The recognition that we cannot do it alone | 43:54 | |
in today's world. | 43:57 | |
Politically, you have NATO, | 43:59 | |
you have the European Economic Community, | 44:02 | |
you have also on the other side, the Warsaw Pact, | 44:06 | |
you have Comecon, | 44:10 | |
which corresponds to the European Economic Community | 44:12 | |
in the socialist states. | 44:17 | |
You have the British Commonwealth, | 44:18 | |
you have the French community, | 44:20 | |
you have the non-aligned states and the United Nations | 44:22 | |
in its various organizations. | 44:26 | |
And even within the churches during these last 40, 50 years, | 44:29 | |
the churches have been coming together | 44:34 | |
in the ecumenical movement. | 44:37 | |
And especially, in the World Council of Churches. | 44:39 | |
I have just myself come from a meeting in Holland | 44:43 | |
this very week in which the joint working group | 44:47 | |
between the World Council of Churches | 44:50 | |
and the Roman Catholic Church. | 44:53 | |
We have been meeting to assess where we are | 44:55 | |
as we struggle for the unity of Christ people. | 44:59 | |
As we seek to make a common witness in the world. | 45:03 | |
And as we collaborate in many different ways to manifest | 45:06 | |
that our unity in Christ is for the sake | 45:12 | |
of the unity of humankind. | 45:15 | |
And so we are learning to be the church for others. | 45:19 | |
In our last assembly theme, the World Council of Churches, | 45:23 | |
whilst precisely Jesus Christ frees and unites. | 45:27 | |
And the prayer of confession and intercession | 45:33 | |
you had this morning is taken | 45:36 | |
from the "Assembly Worship" book. | 45:39 | |
With that refrain, break down the walls | 45:42 | |
that separate us and unite us in a single body. | 45:46 | |
You heard in the reading this morning, | 45:53 | |
what Paul is saying to the Galatians about the liberation | 45:59 | |
that Christ brings. | 46:05 | |
A liberation for community. | 46:08 | |
The letter to the Galatians | 46:10 | |
deals with this issue of libration and community. | 46:12 | |
It has been called the great manifesto of Christian liberty | 46:16 | |
and the new English Bible, entitles it "Faith and Freedom." | 46:21 | |
What was Paul trying to say to the Galatians | 46:27 | |
and how do we hear it today? | 46:30 | |
First of all, let us quickly look at the context | 46:33 | |
in which Paul is speaking. | 46:36 | |
The Galatians were the fruit | 46:41 | |
of the first missionary journey of Paul with Barnabas. | 46:43 | |
Read it in Acts chapter 13 to chapter 16. | 46:47 | |
The Roman province | 46:52 | |
was his in that area since 25 B.C. | 46:55 | |
the Romans had defeated the Galati | 47:03 | |
as they were called in 189 B.C. | 47:06 | |
And the Galati were what we call the kilt, | 47:12 | |
the gold, that period. | 47:20 | |
They had migrated from Western Europe | 47:22 | |
in the third century before Christ. | 47:26 | |
And they had reached as far as Asia minor, near Turkey. | 47:29 | |
The capital, Ancyra is now Ankara, the capital of Turkey. | 47:34 | |
They first defeated the native Phrygians | 47:43 | |
and the Greek colonists. | 47:45 | |
Then the Romans settle the Jews in the country | 47:48 | |
and that country was rich in commerce and agriculture. | 47:52 | |
Many Galatians were God-fearers. | 47:58 | |
Attending Jewish synagogues and trying to follow | 48:01 | |
Jewish moral practices, but they refused to be circumcised. | 48:04 | |
They did not want to lose their ethnic tribal identity. | 48:08 | |
Now Paul came to the south of that country. | 48:15 | |
The Jews refused the gospel, the Galati accepted. | 48:18 | |
Paul left, then Jewish Christians moved in | 48:25 | |
demanding that unless these Galatians were circumcised, | 48:29 | |
they could not be Christian. | 48:34 | |
And great confusion was caused. | 48:37 | |
And that's the reason why this letter was written. | 48:40 | |
The nature of the gospel and of the Christian community | 48:44 | |
was at stake. | 48:47 | |
And what Paul is saying to us | 48:50 | |
is that it is Christ who liberates us. | 48:52 | |
And when he's speaking, he's not speaking in the abstract. | 48:56 | |
He draws attention to the enslaving powers | 49:00 | |
in the lives of the people who lived in Galatia. | 49:03 | |
First of all, as you read in this scripture, | 49:08 | |
there was the issue of circumcision. | 49:12 | |
It was a Jewish requirement. | 49:15 | |
If you were to be a member of the covenant people of God, | 49:18 | |
you must be circumcised. | 49:22 | |
And so for the Jewish Christians, | 49:25 | |
as Christ was a Jew, to become a Christian | 49:28 | |
meant to go through circumcision | 49:31 | |
and virtually to become a Jew. | 49:36 | |
The issue was so serious | 49:40 | |
that the first Council of the Church | 49:42 | |
was held in Jerusalem to settle the matter. | 49:45 | |
And what was involved is not something very far away. | 49:50 | |
It's something that's very much with us today. | 49:55 | |
It was the issue of whether people becoming Christians | 49:59 | |
had to become Jews. | 50:05 | |
Being forced to be like the others. | 50:09 | |
It was the issue of culture and identity. | 50:13 | |
When we hear the voice of Christ, | 50:19 | |
with what voice do we reply? | 50:22 | |
Do we reply with a voice of some other culture? | 50:25 | |
Some other confession? | 50:31 | |
Or do we reply with a voice of our own culture, | 50:33 | |
to the voice of Christ? | 50:38 | |
That was one of the major issues | 50:40 | |
facing the church of that time. | 50:45 | |
And it is an issue which for us today, for example, | 50:47 | |
in the countries, from which I come | 50:51 | |
like the Caribbean, Asia, Africa, Latin America, | 50:53 | |
the question for us is, are we imported Christians? | 50:59 | |
Do we have to become Americans | 51:04 | |
or Europeans in order to be Christian? | 51:06 | |
Must we not find our own way of expressing our own faith? | 51:11 | |
Was Christ crucified for us to become Jews | 51:16 | |
or Europeans or Americans or to become truly ourselves? | 51:21 | |
That was the issue that was being faced then. | 51:27 | |
And it was also the issue of the unity and the universality | 51:31 | |
of the church. | 51:35 | |
Was it going to be a uniform church or was it going to be | 51:37 | |
a church with its multicolored variety of voices | 51:41 | |
and of expressions of what Christ meant for us? | 51:50 | |
Now, Paul dealt with this matter very brutally. | 51:57 | |
There was no mistake in his mind that those people | 52:02 | |
who were seeking to impose their own way of life, | 52:05 | |
their own styles on others, | 52:10 | |
the Christ would be of no advantage whatever | 52:12 | |
to those who followed that way, | 52:16 | |
that they would in fact, be severed from Christ. | 52:19 | |
They would be deluded of any reality, | 52:22 | |
any power, any substance. | 52:25 | |
That in the verses 11 and 12, he asked the question, | 52:30 | |
If circumcision is important, | 52:38 | |
why then was he, Paul, himself, a Jew | 52:42 | |
being persecuted by his fellow Jews? | 52:45 | |
He had given his life to witness | 52:50 | |
to the freedom of the gospel. | 52:53 | |
And the cross was no longer a stumbling block | 52:57 | |
when they did not accept that freedom. | 53:02 | |
What Paul is saying to them is that when Christ | 53:07 | |
has taken hold of us by his deed of giving himself for us, | 53:11 | |
we become truly ourselves. | 53:19 | |
The key verse in the whole of this letter | 53:22 | |
is in chapter two verse 20. | 53:25 | |
When he says, "I have been crucified with Christ. | 53:28 | |
It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me. | 53:32 | |
And the life I now live in the flesh, | 53:38 | |
I live by faith in the son of God who loved me | 53:41 | |
and gave himself for me." | 53:45 | |
So we get the paradox that he, who gave himself for us | 53:51 | |
to whom by faith, we commit ourselves. | 53:55 | |
He crucifies in us. | 54:00 | |
All that in our cultures, | 54:03 | |
prevented us from being ourselves. | 54:06 | |
And yet he frees us to be truly ourselves | 54:09 | |
and not to follow any particular fashion | 54:13 | |
or culture or custom. | 54:17 | |
So Christ liberates us from being somebody else | 54:20 | |
or some of the group to be truly ourselves. | 54:26 | |
And he also says at the end of that letter | 54:34 | |
in chapter six verse 16. | 54:39 | |
"For neither circumcision counts for anything | 54:42 | |
nor uncircumcision but a new creation. | 54:47 | |
In Christ, we are liberated to be new persons | 54:52 | |
and new persons to understand the fresh, our own cultures. | 54:58 | |
And not to be enslaved by any other culture. | 55:04 | |
To learn from them, | 55:09 | |
but not to feel that our whole existence depends | 55:11 | |
on a particular culture or way of life." | 55:15 | |
A second thing that Paul brings before us | 55:21 | |
of the work of Christ liberation is that he liberates us | 55:26 | |
from the law and law represented custom, the way of life, | 55:30 | |
what (indistinct) describes as the conventional wisdom. | 55:36 | |
And such law is of course, divisive. | 55:42 | |
And that was the situation in Galatian. | 55:47 | |
A very divisive, divided community. | 55:50 | |
In chapter three, verse 28, he says it in a positive way. | 55:54 | |
When he says, "There's neither Jew nor Gentile. | 56:01 | |
There is neither slave nor free. | 56:05 | |
There is neither male nor female." | 56:08 | |
But what he's also drawing to our attention | 56:11 | |
is that's exactly the problem that existed at that time. | 56:14 | |
That empire, that particular province | 56:20 | |
was divided between Jew and Gentile | 56:25 | |
in a racial conflict between them. | 56:29 | |
For the Jew, it was the matter of circumcision. | 56:32 | |
For the Gentile, | 56:37 | |
it was a matter of being the free citizens of the empire. | 56:39 | |
A racial division. | 56:44 | |
Slave and free. | 56:46 | |
The Greeks had institutionalized slavery. | 56:49 | |
There were the social and economic problems | 56:55 | |
brought about by that fact of slavery. | 57:00 | |
Indeed, a contemporary writer of Saint Paul | 57:04 | |
talked about the Roman empire as being bound | 57:10 | |
to break up and be destroyed. | 57:15 | |
Because he said, "There is no associated enthusiasm of all. | 57:18 | |
That empire divided between slave and free | 57:26 | |
and what they call the Greeks | 57:30 | |
and the barbarians had no associated enthusiasm of all. | 57:31 | |
And was bound to fail." | 57:38 | |
Said that writer. | 57:40 | |
And there was the division between male and female. | 57:42 | |
Sexism, which has existed for so long in history. | 57:46 | |
And in the Greco-Roman world, a woman was raised. | 57:50 | |
A thing, a property of the husband. | 57:55 | |
It was under such circumstances that Paul says, | 57:59 | |
"For as many of you who are baptized | 58:06 | |
in the death of Jesus Christ have put on Christ. | 58:09 | |
And when we have a new life in Christ, | 58:15 | |
we are liberated from our racial divisions. | 58:17 | |
From our social and economic divisions | 58:22 | |
and from our sexist divisions." | 58:24 | |
Again, Paul raises another form of slavery | 58:29 | |
to which people were prone at the time. | 58:37 | |
He uses it in a number of phrases | 58:40 | |
in chapter four, verse three. | 58:43 | |
He says, "When we were children, immature, | 58:45 | |
we were slaves to the elemental spirits of the universe." | 58:52 | |
And later on in that same chapter four | 58:59 | |
and verses eight to 10, he says, "You did not know God. | 59:03 | |
You were in bondage to beings that by nature are no gods. | 59:10 | |
But now that you've come to know God | 59:15 | |
or rather to be known by God, | 59:17 | |
how can you turn back again to the weakened beggarly, | 59:19 | |
elemental spirits whose slaves you want to be once more. | 59:24 | |
You observe laws and months, and seasons and years." | 59:29 | |
These elemental spirits were called stoicheia, | 59:35 | |
the powers of the world, the seven stars. | 59:40 | |
Who, which govern society. | 59:45 | |
The Celtic people, the Galatians | 59:48 | |
had assimilated this from the Phrygians, | 59:51 | |
the native Phrygians. | 59:54 | |
In our time of course, we believe in horoscope. | 59:56 | |
I know there are a lot of people who can't begin their day | 1:00:02 | |
unless they've opened the paper to see | 1:00:08 | |
the horoscope for that day. | 1:00:10 | |
There is a very interesting thing | 1:00:13 | |
when you go into a bookshop these days to see how many books | 1:00:14 | |
there are on black magic. | 1:00:18 | |
The whole demonic sense of our society. | 1:00:22 | |
The hidden hand, the faceless men, women who run our world. | 1:00:27 | |
There's monetary crisis | 1:00:33 | |
about which we do not understand how it works. | 1:00:35 | |
How the speculators suddenly come and change | 1:00:39 | |
the whole face of things. | 1:00:42 | |
We describe them as they and them. | 1:00:45 | |
We are not responsible. | 1:00:49 | |
We can't change things. | 1:00:52 | |
When I worked in Haiti over 20 years ago, | 1:00:54 | |
I remember living among the peasants. | 1:00:59 | |
90% of whom were (indistinct) who 150 years | 1:01:01 | |
had lived through grinding poverty and all the rest of it. | 1:01:05 | |
And they used to have two phrases. | 1:01:09 | |
(speaking in foreign language) | 1:01:12 | |
God is good. | 1:01:14 | |
And (speaking in foreign language) | 1:01:16 | |
Not able to do with anything. | 1:01:17 | |
A sense that faith to is too strong for them. | 1:01:20 | |
They couldn't handle it. | 1:01:26 | |
This vicious circle of our existence, | 1:01:28 | |
which we cannot change. | 1:01:31 | |
What Gilbert Murray described in that first century, | 1:01:33 | |
Christian century, as a failure of nerve, | 1:01:37 | |
which existed in the Roman empire of that time. | 1:01:40 | |
And David Riesman in his book, "Individualism Reconsidered" | 1:01:44 | |
has brought attention to the fact | 1:01:50 | |
that in American society, we do have that failure of nerve. | 1:01:52 | |
That sense that we've got to follow the system. | 1:01:56 | |
We cannot break it. | 1:02:01 | |
It's too strong for us. | 1:02:02 | |
And what David Riesman is saying to us | 1:02:04 | |
is that we need to learn the nerve of failure. | 1:02:07 | |
The nerve of failure to go against the stream, | 1:02:11 | |
to break the pattern of enslaving custom. | 1:02:15 | |
And Paul again says to us in chapter four. | 1:02:22 | |
That when the fullness of time came, | 1:02:29 | |
the great Kairos, the moment in history, | 1:02:32 | |
God sent his son born of a woman, | 1:02:36 | |
born under this various system | 1:02:40 | |
and slaving system that he might redeem us. | 1:02:43 | |
He might liberate us from it | 1:02:47 | |
so that we may receive adoption of sons. | 1:02:50 | |
And because we are sons, | 1:02:56 | |
we have his spirit in us in which we can cry, Abba father. | 1:02:58 | |
So that the universe becomes no longer hostile, but a home. | 1:03:05 | |
And God becomes our father. | 1:03:11 | |
And we can manage. | 1:03:15 | |
We can tackle the issues before us. | 1:03:17 | |
Those are some of the things for which Christ liberates us, | 1:03:23 | |
but Saint Paul mentions one other. | 1:03:28 | |
And that is that he liberates us from license | 1:03:32 | |
from living according to the flesh. | 1:03:37 | |
She says, in our passage in verse 13, | 1:03:42 | |
"You were called to freedom, brethren. | 1:03:49 | |
Only do not use your freedom as an opportunity | 1:03:52 | |
for the flesh. | 1:03:56 | |
Living according to the flesh." | 1:03:59 | |
And he goes on to say that living according to the flesh | 1:04:04 | |
means that we do the works of the flesh. | 1:04:08 | |
And you notice he gives a whole catalog of those works | 1:04:12 | |
in chapter five and verse 19 to 21, | 1:04:16 | |
where he speaks of, | 1:04:19 | |
"The works of the flesh, immorality, impurity, | 1:04:21 | |
licentiousness, idolatry, sorcery, enmity, strife, | 1:04:25 | |
jealousy, anger, selfishness, dissension, | 1:04:30 | |
party spirit, envy, drunkenness, carousing." | 1:04:34 | |
Quite a catalog, | 1:04:38 | |
but a catalog which described very well | 1:04:39 | |
the Celtic people of that time. | 1:04:42 | |
When he says to them, | 1:04:45 | |
"If you go on fighting one, another tooth and nail, | 1:04:46 | |
all you can expect is mutual destruction." | 1:04:50 | |
'Cause you know, the Galatians were rather famous | 1:04:55 | |
and Caesar has written about them. | 1:04:58 | |
Julius Caesar. | 1:05:01 | |
He describes them as people who are impelled by the desire | 1:05:03 | |
for change and had an excessive devotion | 1:05:08 | |
to external observances. | 1:05:12 | |
They were warlike, restless, excitable, curious nomad. | 1:05:15 | |
They were moving from one thing to another. | 1:05:20 | |
Rather curious when we think of the Irish conflict today. | 1:05:24 | |
But behind this sense of license, of doing what we will, | 1:05:29 | |
because that catalog is a catalog of destruction. | 1:05:36 | |
It's not a catalog of building up the life of society, | 1:05:41 | |
but of destroying it. | 1:05:44 | |
It is the catalog of the mentality | 1:05:46 | |
of the survival of the fittest | 1:05:49 | |
or of what the (indistinct) described | 1:05:51 | |
of each man for himself and the devil take the hindmost. | 1:05:54 | |
George McCloud of Scotland has very well said | 1:06:00 | |
that the phrase ought to be, | 1:06:03 | |
"Each man for himself and the devil take the lot." | 1:06:06 | |
But when Paul Speaks of Christ's liberating us, | 1:06:12 | |
he liberates us not for ourselves, but for others, | 1:06:20 | |
He says in this same passage that those who belong | 1:06:31 | |
to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh | 1:06:36 | |
with his passions and desires. | 1:06:39 | |
And that if you are led by the spirit, | 1:06:43 | |
you are not Under the flesh. | 1:06:48 | |
And so the fruit of the spirit becomes that which builds up | 1:06:53 | |
love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, | 1:06:58 | |
faithfulness, gentleness, self-control. | 1:07:03 | |
These are the things that enable us | 1:07:09 | |
through the crucified Lord to be free, | 1:07:13 | |
to be liberated, to be truly ourselves. | 1:07:17 | |
And therefore for others. | 1:07:20 | |
Paul says that we are called to freedom. | 1:07:24 | |
And that we must stand fast | 1:07:28 | |
in the freedom that we have received. | 1:07:31 | |
The liberation that we have received. | 1:07:34 | |
Liberation is a vocation. | 1:07:38 | |
It is not a thing in itself. | 1:07:42 | |
As Martin Buber said, | 1:07:47 | |
"To become free of a bond is destiny. | 1:07:49 | |
One carries that like a cross, not like a cockade. | 1:07:52 | |
Life lived in freedom is personal responsibility | 1:07:58 | |
or it is a prophetic fast. | 1:08:03 | |
Liberation is a call | 1:08:09 | |
to which we must respond daily with ourselves." | 1:08:13 | |
Paul says, "Keep on standing fast, | 1:08:19 | |
taking your stand on the freedom, the liberation | 1:08:22 | |
which Christ has brought you." | 1:08:28 | |
It is said that the price of liberty is eternal vigilance. | 1:08:30 | |
I would want to put it in another way. | 1:08:36 | |
The way that Paul puts it here. | 1:08:38 | |
The price of liberation is to continue working | 1:08:41 | |
for the liberation of the whole person | 1:08:46 | |
and of the whole community. | 1:08:48 | |
So Paul is speaking of liberation | 1:08:52 | |
that Christ brings from various things. | 1:08:57 | |
But also very positively for various things. | 1:09:00 | |
He says in our text that | 1:09:06 | |
"We were called to freedom, brethren. | 1:09:09 | |
Through love, be servant one of another. | 1:09:15 | |
For the whole law is fulfilled in one word, | 1:09:19 | |
you shall love your neighbor as yourself." | 1:09:23 | |
And earlier he says, "In Christ, Jesus, | 1:09:29 | |
neither circumcision nor uncircumcision is of any it, | 1:09:32 | |
but faith working energizing through love." | 1:09:37 | |
How then do we become liberated for community? | 1:09:45 | |
Karl Jaspers, the German philosopher, | 1:09:52 | |
as he reflected on the whole Nazi experience | 1:09:57 | |
and what that experience meant for the German people. | 1:10:02 | |
He made this comment, "No one is free | 1:10:06 | |
who does not work for the freedom of others." | 1:10:11 | |
No one is free who does not work for the freedom of others. | 1:10:16 | |
And that is exactly what Paul says in this. | 1:10:23 | |
He tells us that "We must bear one another's burdens." | 1:10:29 | |
Those burdens that are too heavy to carry. | 1:10:34 | |
The burdens that are expressed | 1:10:38 | |
for example, in hunger around the world. | 1:10:40 | |
The burdens that are expressed in an unjust | 1:10:43 | |
world economic order, | 1:10:47 | |
which makes for the benefit of the few, | 1:10:49 | |
at the expense of the vast majority." | 1:10:55 | |
How do we bear one another's burdens in today's world? | 1:10:59 | |
How do we share the liberation | 1:11:03 | |
that we have received in Christ | 1:11:06 | |
we have worked out in our society with other people? | 1:11:09 | |
And secondly, he says, | 1:11:13 | |
curiously enough that "Each one must bear his own load." | 1:11:15 | |
It's not the same word as bearing one another's burden. | 1:11:21 | |
The word used there for bearing your own load | 1:11:26 | |
means your own tackle. | 1:11:30 | |
It's what the soldier carried on his back, | 1:11:32 | |
his knapsack, or what the workman used his tools. | 1:11:35 | |
In other words, we are truly liberated for others | 1:11:39 | |
when we make the best use | 1:11:45 | |
of the gifts and the skills that God has given us. | 1:11:48 | |
Not for our own sake, but for the sake of others. | 1:11:51 | |
And again, he says in this letter | 1:11:57 | |
that "We must never go grow wary in well doing. | 1:12:00 | |
As long as we have opportunity, let us do good to all." | 1:12:06 | |
And again, he speaks of the fruit of the spirit | 1:12:13 | |
with those basic words, love joy, peace. | 1:12:17 | |
And again, he says to us, "In all things, | 1:12:25 | |
we must keep on crying out with joy and with agony, | 1:12:28 | |
Abba, Father." | 1:12:33 | |
In our prayer and in our worship, | 1:12:36 | |
when we call God by that intimate name, Father, | 1:12:39 | |
we can never patronize anyone. | 1:12:45 | |
Everyone becomes a sister and a brother. | 1:12:50 | |
The more we mean to others, the more we are ourselves. | 1:12:54 | |
Christ therefore liberates us from our separateness, | 1:13:02 | |
our apartheid against God and each other | 1:13:06 | |
in order that we may become truly ourselves | 1:13:11 | |
made in the image of the free God | 1:13:14 | |
who spoke and acted in Christ. | 1:13:18 | |
And speaks and acts through his Holy Spirit. | 1:13:22 | |
Thus, liberated by him, | 1:13:26 | |
we can speak boldly and with courage | 1:13:28 | |
with one another and act with and for one another in love. | 1:13:31 | |
That is our task. | 1:13:39 | |
As Christians, as churches, as councils of churches, | 1:13:40 | |
like the World Council of Churches, to that task. | 1:13:45 | |
Let us commit ourselves in Christ | 1:13:50 | |
who constantly liberates us for a community in love. | 1:13:53 | |
Amen. | 1:14:00 | |
Let us pray | 1:14:02 | |
Lord God, our Father, | 1:14:09 | |
who in your freedom, gave yourself freely in Christ, Jesus. | 1:14:12 | |
Who in his freedom took upon us upon himself, our life. | 1:14:22 | |
And went through the agony of being abandoned. | 1:14:32 | |
We thanked you, oh Father that in Christ, | 1:14:44 | |
we become new persons. | 1:14:50 | |
We become liberated. | 1:14:55 | |
That we may relate ourselves in love | 1:14:58 | |
with others in truth, in joy, | 1:15:03 | |
in freedom, in love. | 1:15:10 | |
So accept the words of our mouth, | 1:15:17 | |
my mouth and the meditation of our hearts. | 1:15:21 | |
Oh God, our strength in our redeemer, through Christ, | 1:15:25 | |
our liberating Lord, amen. | 1:15:32 | |
(church hymn) | 1:15:38 | |
Oh, loving and blessed God, | 1:25:15 | |
help us in this moment as we give these gifts | 1:25:19 | |
to give back to you the life we . | 1:25:24 | |
Offering ourselves to you, body, soul and spirit. | 1:25:28 | |
That in your service, | 1:25:33 | |
we may find our freedom and our peace | 1:25:35 | |
and our life through Jesus Christ, our Lord, amen. | 1:25:41 | |
(church hymn) | 1:25:51 |