William H. Willimon - "Only Human?" (July 24, 1988)

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	(organ music)	0:00
-	Grace and peace to you from God our Father	2:58
	and the Lord Jesus Christ.	3:01
	Welcome to this service of worship on this,	3:04
	the ninth Sunday after Pentecost.	3:06
	Let me call your attention to several announcements	3:09
	that are contained in today's bulletin.	3:12
	Among these is the notation that following today's service,	3:14
	there will be an ecumenical service of the Lord's Supper	3:18
	in Memorial Chapel, directly to my right.	3:22
	Also following today's service, there will be a reception	3:25
	over in the Flowers Building, during which time,	3:28
	a chamber duet from the Mallarme Chamber Players	3:32
	will perform live music.	3:35
	Today's preacher is the minister to Duke University,	3:39
	the Reverend Dr. William H. Willimon,	3:41
	recently returned from a European tour,	3:45
	where he both taught and preached	3:48
	in East and West German communities.	3:50
	We give thanks for his ministering in this place,	3:54
	and look forward to the Word	3:57
	that he brings to us this morning.	3:58
	Let us now continue in our worship of almighty God.	4:01
	(choral music)	4:11
	(organ music)	6:14
	(congregation singing)	6:46
	Let us pray.	10:19
	Oh God, who has prepared for those who love You	10:22
	such good things as past human understanding.	10:25
	Pour into our hearts this morning	10:29
	such love toward You,	10:31
	that we loving You above all things	10:33
	may obtain Your promises,	10:36
	which exceed all that we can desire.	10:38
	To Jesus Christ, our Lord, amen.	10:42
-	Let us pray.	10:58
	Open our hearts and minds, oh God.	11:02
	By the power of Your Holy Spirit,	11:06
	so that as the Word is read and proclaimed,	11:09
	we might hear with joy what You say to us this day, amen.	11:13
	The first lesson this morning is taken from Genesis.	11:22
	Then God said, let us make humanity in our image,	11:33
	after our likeness.	11:38
	And let it have dominion over the fish of the sea,	11:41
	and over the birds of the air,	11:45
	and over the cattle, and over all the earth,	11:48
	and over every creeping thing that creeps upon the earth.	11:52
	So God created human beings in His own image.	11:57
	In the image of God, He created them.	12:02
	Male and female, He created them.	12:05
	God blessed them and said to them,	12:10
	be fruitful and multiply,	12:13
	and feel the earth, and subdue it,	12:15
	and have dominion over the fish of the sea,	12:18
	and over the birds of the air,	12:21
	and over every living thing that moves upon the earth.	12:22
	Please stand and join me in this altar,	12:33
	found in your handle number 555.	12:36
	O Lord, our Lord, how majestic is Thy name	12:46
	in all the earth.	12:50
Congregation	Thou, His glory above the Heavens	12:52
	has chanted by the mouth of the babies and infants.	12:54
Margaret	Thou has founded a bulwark because of Thy foes.	12:59
Congregation	To still the enemy and the offender.	13:03
Margaret	When I look at Thy Heavens,	13:06
	the work of Thy fingers.	13:08
Congregation	The moon and the stars,	13:10
	which Thou has established.	13:12
-	What is man that Thou art mindful of him?	13:15
Congregation	And the son of man	13:18
	that Thou does care for him.	13:20
-	Yet, Thou has made him little less than God.	13:22
Congregation	And thus the glory and honor.	13:27
-	Thou has given him dominion over the works of Thy hands.	13:31
Congregation	Thou has put all things under his feet.	13:36
-	All his sheep and oxen.	13:39
Congregation	And also beasts of the field.	13:42
-	The birds of the air, and the fish of the sea.	13:45
Congregation	Whatever passes along the paths of the sea.	13:48
-	O Lord, our Lord.	13:52
Congregation	How majestic is Thy name in all the earth.	13:55
	(organ music)	13:59
	(congregation singing)	14:07
	(choral music)	15:28
-	The epistle lesson for this Sunday	19:28
	from the eighth chapter, Paul's Letter to the Romans.	19:33
	The creation waits with eager longing	19:39
	for the revealing of the sons of God.	19:43
	For the creation was objected to futility,	19:46
	not of its own will but by the will of Him,	19:51
	who subjected it in hope.	19:54
	Because the creation itself will be set free	19:58
	from its bondage to decay,	20:00
	and obtain the glorious liberty of the children of God.	20:02
	We know that the whole creation	20:07
	has been groaning in travail until now.	20:09
	And not only the creation but we, ourselves,	20:13
	who have the first fruits of the spirit,	20:18
	grown inwardly, as we await for adoption,	20:21
	as sons and the redemption of our bodies.	20:25
	We gather this day, this sunny summer Sunday	20:32
	in July to worship.	20:37
	Which means that more than likely,	20:42
	many of you are here as tourists,	20:43
	you're here on vacation.	20:46
	And we're glad to have you in the chapel.	20:49
	You should be glad that this place	20:51
	was air-conditioned a few years ago.	20:53
	The glorious summer.	20:56
	For those of us here around the university,	20:59
	summer is a time for a respite	21:01
	from the hectic activity of life on a university campus.	21:03
	The students are away, and so that means	21:08
	it's time to read or to write that book	21:10
	that one has been putting off.	21:13
	It's a time also for family, for our family.	21:14
	Summers invariably mean trips to the beach.	21:20
	It's glorious, lying on some stretch of North Carolina beach	21:25
	when the sun is arched high in the Heavens,	21:30
	and the temperature rises.	21:33
	Lying there, doing nothing of any socially	21:35
	redeeming value other than lying there,	21:39
	and glass of ice tea not too far away,	21:42
	accompanied by the cry of gulls,	21:46
	and the lapping of waves.	21:48
	But in North Carolina, one can also be in the mountains,	21:52
	and that's good too.	21:55
	Cool mountain evenings,	21:58
	and the chorus of crickets and frogs out on the lake.	22:01
	That is good also.	22:06
	Yet, of course, it's one thing that we modern	22:12
	air-conditioned people sometimes overlook	22:17
	in these vacation time, summer time assessments	22:21
	of the goodness of nature.	22:24
	One thing we often overlook is that	22:27
	beyond our screened-in porch,	22:30
	out beyond the neatly manicured front lawn,	22:31
	out in the woods, the little creatures	22:37
	are eating one another.	22:40
	That is nature too, you know.	22:43
	For on a cool North Carolina evening,	22:48
	with the beauty of nature around you,	22:52
	it's as if you do hear a voice, if you listen,	22:54
	pronounce over all this creation,	22:59
	the word good, very good.	23:03
	Just as it pronounced on that first evening of creation.	23:06
	But there is another voice at work,	23:11
	which also says that nature is a realm of a tooth, claw	23:15
	and nail fight for survival	23:20
	because just beneath the placid surface	23:22
	of that mountain lake, the big fishes are eating	23:25
	the smaller fishes, who are eating the smaller fishes,	23:29
	who are eating yet smaller fishes,	23:32
	who're eating protozoa, who're eating whatever protozoa eat.	23:34
	That is nature also.	23:39
	We human beings are but on the uppermost	23:43
	rung of a great ladder of survival,	23:47
	omnivores at the top of a food chain,	23:51
	where one organism lives only	23:55
	through the death of another.	23:58
	Something, plant or animal, suffered	24:01
	for you to have breakfast this morning.	24:06
	To say nothing of what you're planning on having for lunch.	24:08
	I think of this on many mornings	24:13
	when I drive to work up a portion of Highway 15-501.	24:15
	There, I often follow great truckloads of chickens.	24:21
	These chickens stacked in crates on top of trucks.	24:27
	Feathers flying in the wind as I follow them.	24:31
	These truckloads of chickens	24:34
	traveling to some dark, unknown destination.	24:37
	I do not know where they have come from,	24:43
	these truckloads of chickens.	24:45
	I'm not sure of where they're going	24:47
	but I know it is not on a vacation.	24:48
	Eventually, I suspect parts of their bodies	24:54
	will be sold by Diner Shore	24:57
	during halftimes of ACC Football games, these chickens.	25:00
	Some mornings, as I drive up,	25:07
	they seem to cry out to me from their crates,	25:08
	and I wonder, if I as a sensitive person,	25:11
	should do something for them.	25:13
	But then I usually forget about that	25:20
	by the time I'm having lunch with the Colonel	25:22
	because you see I'm not only a Methodist,	25:25
	I am a carnivore.	25:27
	This world, which at once appears so lovely	25:31
	from a screened-in porch,	25:34
	this creation of God in which you and I revel	25:39
	on July vacations,	25:42
	is also a realm of life and death,	25:46
	where everything is eaten or being eaten.	25:49
	So it's interesting when Saint Paul spoke of creation,	25:54
	he spoke not from the viewpoint	25:59
	of the porch of his mountain cottage,	26:01
	about how lovely it was but he spoke of how creation groans.	26:02
	"The whole creation has been groaning," Paul says.	26:08
	And not only the creation but we	26:13
	ourselves groan inwardly.	26:15
	The creation was subjected to futility,	26:18
	groaning, futility.	26:22
	Those chickens going up 15-501.	26:25
	Me, you, Paul says, "That's the world too."	26:27
	The philosophers place us on a great chain of being.	26:35
	But maybe the biologists know better,	26:38
	when they speak of us as being on a great chain of food.	26:42
	Biologist Stephen J. Gould, speaking this year	26:48
	to graduates at Yale, said that there is nothing	26:51
	to be learned from what nature is and does	26:56
	other than what we can create ourselves.	27:01
	Those chickens, headed up the highway	27:06
	to their destiny, die so that I might live.	27:09
	Some creature is always giving up its life for another.	27:13
	Perhaps some morning, I shall at least flag the truck down,	27:19
	and thank them for their sacrifice.	27:21
	I wonder if on an earlier day,	27:26
	when my great-grandmother prepared Sunday dinner	27:28
	by going out in the barnyard,	27:30
	grabbing some chicken, wringing its neck,	27:32
	plucking it, serving it up on the table.	27:34
	I wonder if there was not a greater sense	27:37
	of the interconnectedness of life.	27:41
	Perhaps a greater sense of how dependent we are	27:44
	upon one another as creatures.	27:48
	Perhaps even a sense of regret	27:52
	that so many creatures have to die	27:55
	so that we can live.	27:58
	But now all of this, of course, we know.	28:04
	But here is a biblical word that you may not know.	28:10
	It's found in the Scripture today.	28:16
	That word is this:	28:19
	That God sent this whole teeming creation in motion	28:22
	for one reason above all others.	28:27
	To make human life possible.	28:32
	Did you hear that word in the Scripture today?	28:37
	Over time, over what we now know	28:40
	must have been billions of years,	28:44
	little by little, God coaxed from this teeming	28:47
	buzzing mass of creation,	28:50
	creatures so like God's own self	28:54
	that it was said that this human creature	28:59
	was in the very image of God.	29:01
	This creature, this Adam, male and female,	29:06
	is the crowning glory of God's whole creation.	29:11
	Unfortunately, that is something you cannot learn	29:16
	from a biologist.	29:18
	Or you cannot learn by merely observing nature,	29:20
	tooth, claw and nail from your front porch.	29:24
	Human life as the pinnacle of God's handiwork.	29:28
	See, I'm talking about you.	29:33
	Talking about you, Joan of Ark,	29:34
	or Napoleon, Attila the Hun,	29:36
	George and Martha Washington, Aunt Tilly.	29:38
	You, human beings are in the very image of God.	29:40
	Scripture like Genesis claims that the whole creation,	29:46
	the crickets, the gulls, the frogs,	29:51
	the chickens on 15-501, that they all live for us.	29:54
	We alone enjoy this direct relationship with God.	30:01
	Now, I supposed even as I hear myself say that,	30:07
	that sounds incredibly presumptuous, or even arrogant.	30:09
	But I think that is the strong word of Scripture.	30:16
	As the ancient Hebrew,	30:22
	who I think on some starlit night in July,	30:24
	gazed up into the Heavens,	30:28
	and spoke those words of Psalm 8	30:30
	that we read responsively.	30:35
	O Lord, our Lord, how majestic is Thy name	30:37
	in all the earth.	30:41
	Thou, whose glory above the Heavens	30:43
	is chanted by the mouths of babes and infants.	30:45
	When I look at the Heavens,	30:49
	the work of Thy fingers, the moon, the stars,	30:51
	which Thou has established,	30:56
	I think what is humanity	30:58
	that Thou should think of us.	31:01
	Yet Thou has crowned us with glory and honor.	31:06
	Thou has given us dominion over the works of Thy hands,	31:12
	and Thou has put everything under our feet.	31:16
	All sheep and oxen, and beasts of the field,	31:20
	birds of the air, fish of the sea,	31:23
	whatever passes along the paths of the sea.	31:25
	O Lord, our Lord, how majestic is Thy name	31:28
	in all the earth.	31:32
	Little less than God.	31:36
	Oh sure, if you compare us to the great vast universe,	31:40
	we are just one little spec of cosmic matter.	31:46
	But it is the word of the Bible	31:51
	that we've got no equal in all creation.	31:53
	Of all the creatures Genesis says,	31:57
	we are the only ones invited to talk,	31:59
	and to walk with God.	32:02
	God has given us dominion over the earth,	32:05
	and told us to cultivate it,	32:08
	and to subdue it.	32:10
	God told us to be fruitful and multiply.	32:11
	One of the nicest of God's commands,	32:14
	of all the creatures, listen to Genesis.	32:18
	So God created man in His image,	32:23
	male and female, created them,	32:25
	and God blessed them,	32:27
	and God said to them, be fruitful, multiply,	32:28
	fill the earth, subdue it,	32:31
	have dominion over the fish of the sea,	32:33
	the birds of the air,	32:34
	and over every living thing that moves over the earth.	32:35
	You're in charge.	32:38
	No creature is so like God.	32:42
	Now, while we don't really know what being created	32:45
	in the image of God precisely means.	32:50
	It's fair to assume it has something to do	32:55
	with being with having dominion,	32:57
	with being partners with God,	33:02
	and caring for this good garden that God has planted.	33:05
	Genesis says that God	33:11
	chose not to rule the world directly.	33:15
	But rather that God shows not to oversee	33:18
	every little minute detail like some insecure boss,	33:22
	you know, that can never leave the office or take a vacation	33:26
	'cause he doesn't trust anybody in the office	33:28
	to do the work like he does it.	33:30
	No, God gave us dominion, us.	33:31
	Which of course implies that we do need	33:39
	to be faithful stewards, not wasting any of God's garden,	33:41
	caring for all God's creatures.	33:48
	Since Genesis said God spent so much time and effort	33:51
	creating every single one of them.	33:54
	Far from destroying God's garden with our waste	33:57
	and our pollution, a good steward is always	34:01
	looking for ways to enhance life,	34:04
	to increase what God gives.	34:07
	Realizing that God made it all for us with loving care.	34:13
	Believing that God has entrusted to us	34:19
	the maintenance of a beautifully varied,	34:22
	wonderfully rich creation.	34:25
	Then it does make a difference,	34:30
	what happens to the whooping crane.	34:33
	Or the snail darter or any other human being.	34:35
	Because someday we believe we shall have to render	34:41
	account to God for how we've cared for the garden.	34:43
	Our stewardship is going to be judged	34:48
	on the basis of the one, who once bragged to Job,	34:52
	Job 40, "Oh Job, would you look at that hippopotamus	34:55
	"that I created.	34:59
	"Have you ever seen anything like that giraffe I've built?	35:00
	"What do you think of my donkey?"	35:03
	Life can only be taken by human beings,	35:07
	no matter how simple or primitive an organism is,	35:12
	with great gratitude to God	35:18
	for giving us such life with reverence	35:22
	for the preciousness of every single one of God's creatures,	35:26
	no matter how small to this loving Creator.	35:31
	So I supposed we should say thank you,	35:37
	chirping crickets and soaring gulls,	35:40
	and croaking frogs, and chickens headed up 15-501,	35:42
	thank you for making human life possible.	35:46
	Not only through the evolution of the species	35:51
	but also through your contributions to the sustenance	35:54
	and the sheer diversity of life in this world.	35:58
	Scripture reminds us that we wouldn't be here without you.	36:02
	None of us would be here without,	36:08
	were it not that each of us,	36:11
	frogs, crickets, mosquitoes, gnats, hippopotami,	36:15
	wildebeest, bald eagles, every single human being,	36:19
	very important to God, the master Creator.	36:22
	Which talk may make you want to get out of the chapel,	36:29
	and get on with the business of doing	36:32
	what you were doing in July.	36:34
	Following a white ball down some carpet of green	36:38
	or bobbing in an inner tube down some cool mountain stream	36:40
	or just sitting on your veranda, doing nothing.	36:44
	And that's fine.	36:48
	But before you go, one more word	36:51
	that you might not have heard	36:54
	if you hadn't come to church this morning.	36:57
	You, as human animal are the very pinnacle	37:02
	of God's creativity.	37:07
	Of all creatures, you're the only one,	37:10
	who in the words of the psalmist	37:13
	is created little less than God.	37:15
	God has put you in charge.	37:19
	You may not have figured that out	37:23
	just sitting on your veranda.	37:25
	So rejoice, thank God you are human.	37:28
	You're human.	37:33
	Isn't it interesting how we use that phrase sometimes.	37:35
	Isn't it interesting how whenever somebody is caught	37:41
	in some act of violence or some moral failure,	37:44
	particularly some sexual indiscretion,	37:48
	isn't it interesting that someone invariably says,	37:51
	"Well it goes to show we're only human."	37:53
	We've had the opportunity to use that expression	37:58
	a good deal this year in describing	38:00
	the behavior of preachers.	38:01
	Well, it goes to show, you know, clergy only human.	38:03
	It's meant to describe humanity at our bumbling,	38:11
	immoral, incompetent worst.	38:14
	I tell you, it's just that attitude	38:18
	that today's Scripture is meant to combat.	38:21
	We are human!	38:25
	God has put us in charge.	38:29
	We are nothing less than co-creators	38:31
	and co-workers with God.	38:33
	God has been fruitful and multiplied,	38:35
	and told us to do the same.	38:37
	God's garden is ours.	38:40
	The whole wonderful creation exists for our livelihood	38:42
	and enjoyment and cultivation, and delight.	38:46
	We are human!	38:50
	I think here is a great antidote	38:55
	against the despair, the hopelessness,	38:59
	and the self-hatred that so many people	39:04
	in our world feel today,	39:06
	the biblical proclamation that God has created us,	39:10
	little less than God,	39:15
	and given us dominion, the very pinnacle of creation.	39:16
	Rejoice, you are human.	39:23
	(organ music)	39:33
	(congregation singing)	40:05
-	The Lord be with you.	43:24
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	43:26
-	Let us glorify the name and the works of our Creator.	43:28
	Glorify the Lord, all the works of the Lord.	43:41
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	43:45
-	The firmament of his power, glorify the Lord.	43:48
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	43:53
-	Glorify the Lord, the angels,	43:57
	and all powers of the Lord.	43:59
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	44:03
-	Sun and moon, and stars of the sky, glorify the Lord.	44:06
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	44:12
-	Glorify the Lord, every shower of rain,	44:16
	and fall of dew.	44:19
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	44:21
-	Winter and summer, glorify the Lord.	44:24
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	44:28
-	Glorify the Lord, O nights and days.	44:31
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	44:36
-	Storm clouds and thunderbolts, glorify the Lord.	44:39
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	44:43
-	Let the earth glorify the Lord.	44:47
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	44:50
-	Glorify the Lord, O mountains and hills,	44:54
	and all that grows upon the earth.	44:57
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	45:00
-	Glorify the Lord, O springs of water,	45:04
	seas and streams.	45:07
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	45:10
-	All the birds of the air, glorify the Lord.	45:13
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	45:17
-	Glorify the Lord, O beasts of the wild.	45:21
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	45:25
-	O men and women everywhere, glorify the Lord.	45:27
	(echo drowning congregation chant)	45:32
-	Amen.	45:36
	Let us now give thanks to God	45:38
	by the offering of our gifts and of ourselves.	45:40
	(organ music)	45:47
	(choral music)	47:31
	(organ music)	50:34
	(congregation singing)	51:29
	Let us pray.	52:28
	O mighty God, for Jesus Christ,	52:31
	and in the power of Your Holy Spirit,	52:34
	receive our thanksgiving.	52:36
	For the creation of the universe through Your Word.	52:39
	For making every human being in Your image and likeness.	52:43
	For the revelation of Your purposes	52:47
	through the law and the prophets.	52:49
	We give you thanks and praise.	52:51
	For the gift of your son, Jesus Christ, our Lord.	52:54
	For His lowly birth of Mary,	52:57
	and for His baptism in the Jordan.	52:59
	For His ministry of preaching, teaching and healing.	53:02
	We give You thanks and praise.	53:06
	For Christ's steadfast love, and going to Jerusalem.	53:09
	For His agony in the Garden of Gethsemane.	53:13
	For His suffering and death from the cross.	53:16
	We give You thanks and praise.	53:19
	For Christ's resurrection from the dead,	53:22
	and His ascension to Your right hand in glory.	53:24
	For Christ eternal intercession for us,	53:27
	and for His promise of His coming again,	53:30
	we give you thanks and praise.	53:33
	For the outpouring of Your Spirit on the Church.	53:36
	For the commissioning of Your Church to make disciples,	53:39
	and for the spreading of Your kingdom throughout the world,	53:42
	we give you thanks and praise.	53:45
	For the ministry of this chapel,	53:49
	for the rain that falls, and the sun that shines,	53:51
	for the gifts of work and leisure	53:55
	of family and friends,	53:57
	we give You thanks and praise.	53:59
	So Father, we give You grateful thanks	54:02
	for all Your blessings.	54:04
	We offer You our souls and bodies to be a living sacrifice.	54:06
	Send us out in the power of Your Spirit	54:11
	to live and work to Your praise and glory.	54:14
	We raise this prayer in the name of the one	54:18
	who taught us to pray, saying our Father,	54:21
	who art in Heaven, hallowed be Thy name,	54:25
	Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done,	54:29
	on earth, as it is in Heaven.	54:32
	Give us this day our daily bread,	54:35
	and forgive us our trespasses,	54:38
	as we forgive those who trespass against us.	54:40
	Lead us not into temptation	54:44
	but deliver us from evil.	54:47
	For Thine is the kingdom, and the power,	54:49
	and the glory forever, amen.	54:52
	(organ music)	54:58
	(choral music)	55:30
	Rejoicing that you are human,	58:15
	and made in the image of God,	58:18
	go forth from this place,	58:20
	and may the grace of our Lord, Jesus Christ,	58:22
	the love of God, and the encouragement	58:24
	and power of the Holy Spirit	58:27
	be with you now and always, amen.	58:29
	(choral music)	58:36
	(organ music)	1:00:01
	(congregation applauding)	1:02:53

Item Info

Title:

William H. Willimon - "Only Human?" (July 24, 1988)

Description:

Sermon start time: 20:32. Sermon end time: 39:28.
The preacher speaks to the honor God gave human beings at creation. He argues that human beings are only “a little less than God,” and called to subdue the earth—a responsibility not to be underestimated. (Abstract created by Duke Divinity School staff.)
Key quotation: “We are human! God has put us in charge. We are nothing less than co-creators and co-workers with God. God has been fruitful and multiplied and told us to do the same. God’s garden is ours. The whole wonderful creation exists for our livelihood and enjoyment and cultivation and delight. We are human!”

Permalink:

https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r4959cp6d

Date:

July 24, 1988

Speaker:

Willimon, William H.

Liturgical Calendar:

Ordinary Time

Chapter and Verse:

Subject:

Contributor:

Duke University. Chapel

Identifier:

UA.17.01.0003 VHS-0089
ref8489_65m
uachapelsermaud
duke:321327
dcrmv001089
ark:/87924/r4959cp6d
872b8c23-653b-4ce9-b5fe-5a905cdd9ce0

Digital Collection:

Duke Chapel Recordings

Source Collection:

Duke University Chapel recordings

Related Resources:

See below

Language:

English

Location:

United States
North Carolina
Durham (N.C.)

Format:

Provenance:

The Duke University Chapel Recordings were transferred to the Duke University Archives beginning in 1970.

Rights:

Limited Re-Use

CC BY-NC 4.0

Rights Note:

This recording may contain 3rd party materials, such as music or readings that are therefore not covered by the Creative Commons license indicated here. For more information see https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/research/citations-and-permissions.

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William H. Willimon - "Only Human?" (July 24, 1988)

Transcript

Item Info

Related Item

Duke University Archives